Causal inference with interfering units for cluster and population level treatment allocation programs
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Publication:5214546
DOI10.1111/BIOM.13049zbMATH Open1436.62676arXiv1711.01280OpenAlexW2964323396WikidataQ64113747 ScholiaQ64113747MaRDI QIDQ5214546FDOQ5214546
Georgia Papadogeorgou, Corwin Matthew Zigler, Fabrizia Mealli
Publication date: 7 February 2020
Published in: Biometrics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Interference arises when an individual's potential outcome depends on the individual treatment level, but also on the treatment level of others. A common assumption in the causal inference literature in the presence of interference is partial interference, implying that the population can be partitioned in clusters of individuals whose potential outcomes only depend on the treatment of units within the same cluster. Previous literature has defined average potential outcomes under counterfactual scenarios where treatments are randomly allocated to units within a cluster. However, within clusters there may be units that are more or less likely to receive treatment based on covariates or neighbors' treatment. We define new estimands that describe average potential outcomes for realistic counterfactual treatment allocation programs, extending existing estimands to take into consideration the units' covariates and dependence between units' treatment assignment. We further propose entirely new estimands for population-level interventions over the collection of clusters, which correspond in the motivating setting to regulations at the federal (vs. cluster or regional) level. We discuss these estimands, propose unbiased estimators and derive asymptotic results as the number of clusters grows. Finally, we estimate effects in a comparative effectiveness study of power plant emission reduction technologies on ambient ozone pollution.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.01280
Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects) (62H30) Applications of statistics to environmental and related topics (62P12)
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