Scaling and dynamics of turbulence over sparse canopies

DOI10.1017/JFM.2019.999MaRDI QIDQ5217627zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Akshath Sharma, Ricardo García-Mayoral

Publication date 25 February 2020

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.07542

zbMATH Keywords

turbulent boundary layers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Turbulent boundary layers (76F40)

Abstract: Turbulent flows within and over sparse canopies are investigated using direct numerical simulations. We focus on the effect of the canopy on the background turbulence, the part of the flow that remains once the element-induced flow is filtered out. In channel flows, the distribution of the total stress is linear with height. Over smooth walls, the total stress is only the `fluid stress' $a{u}_f$, the sum of the viscous and the Reynolds shear stresses. In canopies, in turn, there is an additional contribution from the canopy drag, which can dominate within. We find that, for sparse canopies, the ratio of the viscous and the Reynolds shear stresses in $a{u}_f$ at each height is similar to that over smooth-walls, even within the canopy. From this, a height-dependent scaling based on $a{u}_f$ is proposed. Using this scaling, the background turbulence within the canopy shows similarities with turbulence over smooth walls. This suggests that the background turbulence scales with $a{u}_f$, rather than with the conventional scaling based on the total stress. This effect is essentially captured when the canopy is substituted by a drag force that acts on the mean velocity profile alone, aiming to produce the correct $a{u}_f$, without the discrete presence of the canopy elements acting directly on the fluctuations. The proposed mean-only forcing is shown to produce better estimates for the turbulent fluctuations compared to a conventional, homogeneous-drag model. The present results thus suggest that a sparse canopy acts on the background turbulence primarily through the change it induces on the mean velocity profile, which in turn sets the scale for turbulence, rather than through a direct interaction of the canopy elements with the fluctuations. The effect of the element-induced flow, however, requires the representation of the individual canopy elements.

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Cited in

(11)

• Simulation-based study of turbulent aquatic canopy flows with flexible stems
• Turbulent flows over dense filament canopies
• On the genesis of different regimes in canopy flows: a numerical investigation
• Shear-induced instabilities of flows through submerged vegetation
• Flume experiments on intermittency and zero-crossing properties of canopy turbulence
• Turbulence structure above a vegetation canopy
• Impact of height heterogeneity on canopy turbulence
• Influence of riblet shapes on the occurrence of Kelvin-Helmholtz rollers
• Mean flow and turbulence in unsteady canopy layers
• Integral methods for friction decomposition and their extensions to rough-wall flows
• Resolving turbulence and drag over textured surfaces using texture-less simulations: the case of slip/no-slip textures

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