Zero-point energy of ultracold atoms

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSREP.2016.06.003zbMATH Open1359.82024arXiv1606.03699OpenAlexW2432577009MaRDI QIDQ521771FDOQ521771

Authors: L. Salasnich, Flavio Toigo 

Publication date: 12 April 2017

Published in: Physics Reports (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We analyze the divergent zero-point energy of a dilute and ultracold gas of atoms in D spatial dimensions. For bosonic atoms we explicitly show how to regularize this divergent contribution, which appears in the Gaussian fluctuations of the functional integration, by using three different regularization approaches: dimensional regularization, momentum-cutoff regularization and convergence-factor regularization. In the case of the ideal Bose gas the divergent zero-point fluctuations are completely removed, while in the case of the interacting Bose gas these zero-point fluctuations give rise to a finite correction to the equation of state. The final convergent equation of state is independent of the regularization procedure but depends on the dimensionality of the system and the two-dimensional case is highly nontrivial. We also discuss very recent theoretical results on the divergent zero-point energy of the D-dimensional superfluid Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover. In this case the zero-point energy is due to both fermionic single-particle excitations and bosonic collective excitations, and its regularization gives remarkable analytical results in the BEC regime of composite bosons. We compare the beyond-mean-field equations of state of both bosons and fermions with relevant experimental data on dilute and ultracold atoms quantitatively confirming the contribution of zero-point-energy quantum fluctuations to the thermodynamics of ultracold atoms at very low temperatures.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03699

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Statistical mechanics of superfluids (82D50)

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Cited In (7)

• Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Higgs mode: comparing Gross-Pitaevskii and nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations
• Shell-shaped atomic gases
• The BCS-BEC crossover: from ultra-cold Fermi gases to nuclear systems
• Surface–atom force out of thermal equilibrium and its effect on ultra-cold atoms
• Zero energy bound states in many–particle systems
• Renormalization of the superfluid density in the two-dimensional BCS-BEC crossover
• Collision of impurities with Bose-Einstein condensates

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