Sampling in de Branges spaces and Naimark dilation

DOI10.1007/S11785-016-0580-1MaRDI QIDQ521945zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 12 April 2017

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.01821

entire function frames Hermite-Biehler class interpolation Paley-Wiener space sampling

Representations of entire functions of one complex variable by series and integrals (30D10) Dilations, extensions, compressions of linear operators (47A20) Sampling theory in information and communication theory (94A20)

Abstract: We consider the problem of sampling in de Branges spaces and develop some necessary conditions and some sufficient conditions for sampling sequences, which generalize some well-known sampling results in the Paley-Wiener space. These conditions are obtained by identifying the main construction with Naimark dilation of frames--embedding the de Branges space into a larger de Branges space while embedding the kernel functions associated with a sampling sequence into a Riesz basis for the larger space.

Review text

Ortega-Cerdà and Seip characterized sampling sequences in Paley-Wiener spaces by embedding in de Branges spaces in which the sequence becomes a complete interpolating sequence. The present work represents an extension in the sense that the kernel functions associated with a sequence \(\{\lambda_n\}\) form a frame for the Paley-Wiener space if and only if the space embeds into a larger space that allows the kernel functions to become a Riesz basis for the latter. The Hermite-Biehler class \(\mathcal{HB}\) consists of entire functions \(E\) such that \(|E(\bar{z})|<|E(z)|\) for all \(z\) with positive imaginary part. Given \(E\in\mathcal{HB}\) the de Branges space \(\mathcal{H}(E)\) consists of all entire \(f\) such that \(\|f\|^2_E=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \bigl|\frac{f(t)}{E(t)}\bigr|\, dt<\infty\) and \(f/E\) and \(f^\ast/E\) are of bounded type (quotient of two bounded analytic functions in the upper half plane) where \(f^\ast=\overline{f(\bar{z})}\). \textit{J. Ortega-Cerdà} and \textit{K. Seip} proved in [Ann. Math. (2) 155, No. 3, 789--806 (2002; Zbl 1015.42023)] that a separated sequence \(\Lambda\) of real numbers is a set of sampling for \(\text{PW}_\pi\) if and only if there exist \(E,F\in \mathcal{HB}\) such that \(\mathcal{H}(E)\subset \text{PW}_\pi\) and \(\Lambda\) is the set of zeros of \(EF+E^\ast F^\ast\). The authors begin proving the following extension, which is a necessary condition for sampling in \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\): Let \(E_0\in\mathcal{HB}\). If a separated sequence \(\Lambda\) is a sampling sequence for \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\) then there exist \(E,F\in \mathcal{HB}\) such that \(\mathcal{H}(E)\simeq \mathcal{H}(E_0)\) and \(\Lambda\) is the set of zeros of \(EF+E^\ast F^\ast\). The space \(\mathcal{H}(E)\) has reproducing kernel \[ K_E(w,z)=\frac{\bar{E}(w) E(z)-E(\bar{w}) E^\ast(z)}{2\pi i (\bar{w}-z)}\, . \] Theorem 2 states that if \(E_0\in\mathcal{HB}\), \(\Lambda\) is a sampling sequence for \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\) and \(E\) is the Hermite--Biehler function as above, the kernel functions \(\{K_E(\lambda_n,\cdot)\}_n\) form a frame for \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\) with canonical dual frame \(\{K_{E_0}(\lambda_n,\cdot)\}_n\). Consequently, for each \(f\in \mathcal{H}(E_0)\), \(f(z)=\sum f(\lambda_n) K_E(\lambda_n,z)\) (in \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\)-norm). The first theorem is re-interpreted as providing an embedding of \(\mathcal{H}(E_0)\) and \(\mathcal{H}(F)\) into a larger space \(\mathcal{H}(EF)\) such that, with an appropriate weighting, corresponding weighted interpolating functions form a Parseval frame for \(\mathcal{H}(E)\). Interpolation formulas are provided that relate to frame expansions and embeddings under which weighted interpolating functions provide Riesz bases for the embedding space. A sufficient condition for sampling in \(\mathcal{H}_0\) is provided when \(E_0\) has no real roots (Theorem 5) and an application to multiplexing is outlined.

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