Breakdown of the equivalence between gravitational mass and energy due to quantum effects

DOI10.1142/S0218271819300209MaRDI QIDQ5221250zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Andrei G. Lebed

Publication date 25 March 2020

Published in International Journal of Modern Physics D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.03694

zbMATH Keywords

equivalence principlemass-energy equivalencequantum gravity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-02) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45)

Abstract: We review our recent theoretical results about inequivalence between passive and active gravitational masses and energy in semiclassical variant of general relativity, where gravitational field is not quantized but matter is quantized. To this end, we consider the simplest quantum body with internal degrees of freedom - a hydrogen atom. We concentrate our attention on the following physical effects, related to electron mass. The first one is inequivalence between passive gravitational mass and energy at microscopic level. Indeed, quantum measurement of gravitational mass can give result, which is different from the expected, $meq{m}_e+frac{E}_1{c}^2$, where electron is initially in its ground state; $m_e$ is the bare electron mass. The second effect is that the expectation values of both passive and active gravitational masses of stationary quantum states are equivalent to the expectation value of energy. The most spectacular effects are inequivalence of passive and active gravitational masses and energy at macroscopic level for ensemble of coherent superpositions of stationary quantum states. We show that, for such superpositions, the expectation values of passive and active gravitational masses are not related to the expectation value of energy by the famous Einstein's equation, $meqfracE{c}^2$. In this review, we also improve several drawbacks of the original pioneering works.

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Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3285118 (Why is no real title available?)
• Inequivalence between gravitational mass and energy due to quantum effects at microscopic and macroscopic levels
• Quantum Fields in Curved Space

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(6)

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• Does the equivalence between gravitational mass and energy survive for a composite quantum body?
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• Does the equivalence between gravitational mass and energy survive for a quantum body?
• Breakdown of the Einstein's equivalence principle for a quantum body
• Inequivalence between gravitational mass and energy due to quantum effects at microscopic and macroscopic levels

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