Exact solutions for ground effect

DOI10.1017/JFM.2020.149MaRDI QIDQ5221409zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Peter J Baddoo, Melike Kurt, Lorna J. Ayton, Keith W. Moored

Publication date 25 March 2020

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.02713

zbMATH Keywords

propulsionflow-structure interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fluid-solid interactions (including aero- and hydro-elasticity, porosity, etc.) (74F10) Biopropulsion in water and in air (76Z10)

Abstract: "Ground effect" refers to the enhanced performance enjoyed by fliers or swimmers operating close to the ground. We derive a number of exact solutions for this phenomenon, thereby elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms involved in ground effect. Unlike previous analytic studies, our solutions are not restricted to particular parameter regimes such as "weak" or "extreme" ground effect, and do not even require thin aerofoil theory. Moreover, the solutions are valid for a hitherto intractable range of flow phenomena including point vortices, uniform and straining flows, unsteady motions of the wing, and the Kutta condition. We model the ground effect as the potential flow past a wing inclined above a flat wall. The solution of the model requires two steps: firstly, a coordinate transformation between the physical domain and a concentric annulus, and secondly, the solution of the potential flow problem inside the annulus. We show that both steps can be solved by introducing a new special function which is straightforward to compute. Moreover, the ensuing solutions are simple to express and offer new insight into the mathematical structure of ground effect. In order to identify the missing physics in our potential flow model, we compare our solutions against new experimental data. The experiments show that boundary layer separation on the wing and wall occurs at small angles of attack, and we suggest ways in which our model could be extended to account for these effects.

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Cited in

(4)

• Magnetohydrodynamic flow control in Hele-Shaw cells
• Starting vortices generated by an arbitrary solid body with any number of edges
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 432919 (Why is no real title available?)
• Generalization of waving‐plate theory to multiple interacting swimmers

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