Powers in orbits of rational functions: cases of an arithmetic dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture

DOI10.4153/CJM-2018-026-XzbMATH Open1428.37100arXiv1512.03085WikidataQ123020213 ScholiaQ123020213MaRDI QIDQ5224973FDOQ5224973

Authors: Jordan Cahn, Rafe Jones, Jacob Spear 

Publication date: 25 July 2019

Published in: Canadian Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $K$ be a finitely generated field of characteristic zero. We study, for fixed $mgeq2$, the rational functions $phi$ defined over $K$ that have a $K$-orbit containing infinitely many distinct $m$th powers. For $mgeq5$ we show the only such functions are those of the form $c{x}^j(psi(x){)}^m$ with $psiinK(x)$, and for $mleq4$ we show the only additional cases are certain Latt`es maps and four families of rational functions whose special properties appear not to have been studied before. With additional analysis, we show that the index set $ngeq0:ph{i}^n(a)inlambda(mathbb{P}^1(K))$ is a union of finitely many arithmetic progressions, where $ph{i}^n$ denotes the $n$th iterate of $phi$ and $lambdainK(x)$ is any map M"obius-conjugate over $K$ to $x^m$. When the index set is infinite, we give bounds on the number and moduli of the arithmetic progressions involved. These results are similar in flavor to the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture, and motivate a new conjecture on the intersection of an orbit with the value set of a morphism. A key ingredient in our proofs is a study of the curves $y^m=ph{i}^n(x)$. We describe all $phi$ for which these curves have an irreducible component of genus at most 1, and show that such $phi$ must have two distinct iterates that are equal in $K(x{)}^{*}/K(x{)}^{*m}$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03085

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zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic dynamicsiteration of rational functionsLattès mapgenus of variables-separated curvespecial orbits of rational function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Dynamical systems over global ground fields (37P15)

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Cited In (8)

• Intersections of polynomial orbits, and a dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture
• The relative Riemann–Hurwitz formula
• Average Zsigmondy sets, dynamical Galois groups, and the Kodaira-Spencer map
• On amenable semigroups of rational functions
• Orbits of Algebraic Dynamical Systems in Subgroups and Subfields
• Perfect powers In value sets and orbits of polynomials
• Current trends and open problems in arithmetic dynamics
• Unlikely intersections over finite fields: polynomial orbits in small subgroups

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