Powers in orbits of rational functions: cases of an arithmetic dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture

DOI10.4153/CJM-2018-026-XMaRDI QIDQ5224973zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Jordan Cahn, Rafe Jones, Jacob Spear

Publication date 25 July 2019

Published in Canadian Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03085

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic dynamicsiteration of rational functionsLattès mapgenus of variables-separated curvespecial orbits of rational function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Dynamical systems over global ground fields (37P15)

Abstract: Let $K$ be a finitely generated field of characteristic zero. We study, for fixed $mgeq2$, the rational functions $phi$ defined over $K$ that have a $K$-orbit containing infinitely many distinct $m$th powers. For $mgeq5$ we show the only such functions are those of the form $c{x}^j(psi(x){)}^m$ with $psiinK(x)$, and for $mleq4$ we show the only additional cases are certain Latt`es maps and four families of rational functions whose special properties appear not to have been studied before. With additional analysis, we show that the index set $ngeq0:ph{i}^n(a)inlambda(mathbb{P}^1(K))$ is a union of finitely many arithmetic progressions, where $ph{i}^n$ denotes the $n$th iterate of $phi$ and $lambdainK(x)$ is any map M"obius-conjugate over $K$ to $x^m$. When the index set is infinite, we give bounds on the number and moduli of the arithmetic progressions involved. These results are similar in flavor to the dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture, and motivate a new conjecture on the intersection of an orbit with the value set of a morphism. A key ingredient in our proofs is a study of the curves $y^m=ph{i}^n(x)$. We describe all $phi$ for which these curves have an irreducible component of genus at most 1, and show that such $phi$ must have two distinct iterates that are equal in $K(x{)}^{\ast }/K(x{)}^{\ast m}$.

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Cited in

(9)

• Intersections of polynomial orbits, and a dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture
• Orbits of algebraic dynamical systems in subgroups and subfields
• Average Zsigmondy sets, dynamical Galois groups, and the Kodaira-Spencer map
• The relative Riemann-Hurwitz formula
• Algebraic curves $A^{\circ l}(x)-U(y)=0$ and arithmetic of orbits of rational functions
• On amenable semigroups of rational functions
• Perfect powers In value sets and orbits of polynomials
• Current trends and open problems in arithmetic dynamics
• Unlikely intersections over finite fields: polynomial orbits in small subgroups

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