Turbulent windprint on a liquid surface

DOI10.1017/JFM.2019.318zbMATH Open1419.76325arXiv1809.07387OpenAlexW3104134062WikidataQ127598131 ScholiaQ127598131MaRDI QIDQ5229697FDOQ5229697

Authors: Stéphane Perrard, Adrián Lozano-Durán, M. Rabaud, Michael Benzaquen, F. Moisy 

Publication date: 19 August 2019

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We investigate the effect of a light turbulent wind on a liquid surface, below the onset of wave generation. In that regime, the liquid surface is populated by small disorganised deformations elongated in the streamwise direction. Formally identified recently by Paquier et al. (2015), the deformations that occur below the wave onset were named wrinkles. We provide here a theoretical framework for this wrinkle regime, using the viscous response of a free surface liquid submitted to arbitrary normal and tangential interfacial stresses at its upper boundary. We relate the spatio-temporal spectrum of the surface deformations to that of the applied interfacial pressure and shear stress fluctuations. For that, we evaluate the spatio-temporal statistics of the turbulent forcing using Direct Numerical Simulation of a turbulent air channel flow, assuming no coupling between the air and the liquid flows. Combining theory and numerical simulation, we thus obtain synthetic wrinkles that reproduce previous experimental investigations. We show that the wrinkles are a multi-scale superposition of random wakes generated by the turbulent fluctuations. They result mainly from the nearly isotropic pressure fluctuations generated in the boundary layer, rather than from the elongated shear stress fluctuations. The wrinkle regime described in this paper naturally arises as the viscous-saturated asymptotic of the inviscid growth theory of Phillips (1957). Experiments indicate that the onset of exponential wave growth depends on the liquid viscosity. Our theory suggests that the empirical criterion for the onset is satisfied when the wrinkle amplitude reaches a given fraction of the viscous sublayer thickness. It indicates that the turbulent fluctuations near the onset may play a role in the triggering of exponential wave growth.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07387

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zbMATH Keywords

turbulent boundary layerssurface gravity waveswind-wave interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction (76B15) Shear flows and turbulence (76F10) Turbulent boundary layers (76F40)

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Cited In (4)

• Effects of surface tension reduction on wind-wave growth and air–water scalar transfer
• Hydrodynamic roughness induced by a multiscale topography
• Bubble deformation by a turbulent flow
• The principal stage in wind-wave generation

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