Automorphisms of Kronrod-Reeb graphs of Morse functions on 2-sphere

Abstract: Let

M

be a compact two-dimensional manifold and,

f i n C^{i n f t y} (M, m a t h b b R)

be a Morse function, and

G a m m a_{f}

be its Kronrod-Reeb graph. Denote by

m a t h c a l O_{f} = f c i r c h m i d h i n m a t h c a l D

the orbit of

f

with respect to the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms

m a t h c a l D

on

C^{i n f t y} (M, m a t h b b R)

, and by

m a t h c a l S (f) = h i n m a t h c a l D m i d f c i r c h = f

the corresponding stabilizer of this function. It is easy to show that each

h i n m a t h c a l S (f)

induces a homeomorphism of

G a m m a_{f}

. Let also

m a t h c a l D_{m a t h r m i d} (M)

be the identity path component of

m a t h c a l D (M)

,

m a t h c a l S^{'} (f) = m a t h c a l S (f) c a p m a t h c a l D_{m a t h r m i d} (M)

be group of diffeomorphisms of

M

preserving

f

and isotopic to identity map, and

G_{f}

be the group of homeomorphisms of the graph

G a m m a_{f}

induced by diffeomorphisms belonging to

m a t h c a l S^{'} (f)

. This group is one of the key ingredients for calculating the homotopy type of the orbit

m a t h c a l O_{f}

. Recently the authors described the structure of groups

G_{f}

for Morse functions on all orientable surfaces distinct from

2

-torus

T^{2}

and

2

-sphere

S^{2}

. The present paper is devoted to the case

M = S^{2}

. In this situation

G a m m a_{f}

is always a tree, and therefore all elements of the group

G_{f}

have a common fixed subtree

m a t h r m F i x (G_{f})

, which may even consist of a unique vertex. Our main result calculates the groups

G_{f}

for all Morse functions

f : S^{2} o m a t h b b R

whose fixed subtree

m a t h r m F i x (G_{f})

consists of more than one point.

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