Representation of solutions and large-time behavior for fully nonlocal diffusion equations

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2017.02.030zbMATH Open1366.35218arXiv1505.02803OpenAlexW2963827517WikidataQ109744456 ScholiaQ109744456MaRDI QIDQ525960FDOQ525960

Juhana Siljander, Rico Zacher, Jukka T. Kemppainen

Publication date: 8 May 2017

Published in: Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the Cauchy problem for a nonlocal heat equation, which is of fractional order both in space and time. We prove four main theorems: (i) a representation formula for classical solutions, (ii) a quantitative decay rate at which the solution tends to the fundamental solution, (iii) optimal $L^2$-decay of mild solutions in all dimensions, (iv) $L^2$-decay of weak solutions via energy methods. The first result relies on a delicate analysis of the definition of classical solutions. After proving the representation formula we carefully analyze the integral representation to obtain the quantitative decay rates of (ii). Next we use Fourier analysis techniques to obtain the optimal decay rate for mild solutions. Here we encounter the critical dimension phenomenon where the decay rate attains the decay rate of that in a bounded domain for large enough dimensions. Consequently, the decay rate does not anymore improve when the dimension increases. The theory is markedly different from that of the standard caloric functions and this substantially complicates the analysis. Finally, we use energy estimates and a comparison principle to prove a quantitative decay rate for weak solutions defined via a variational formulation. Our main idea is to show that the $L^2$-norm is actually a subsolution to a purely time-fractional problem which allows us to use the known theory to obtain the result.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.02803

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic analysisfractional Laplaciannonlocal diffusionRiemann-Liouville derivative

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Integro-partial differential equations (45K05) Integral representations of solutions to PDEs (35C15) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Integro-differential operators (47G20)

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