Quadrant marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations. II.

zbMATH Open1318.05008arXiv1302.2274MaRDI QIDQ5262032FDOQ5262032

Authors: Sergey Kitaev, Mark Tiefenbruck, Jeffrey Remmel 

Publication date: 9 July 2015

Abstract: Given a permutation $sg=s{g}_1\mathrm{...}s{g}_n$ in the symmetric group $S_n$, we say that $s{g}_i$ matches the marked mesh pattern $MMP(a,b,c,d)$ in $sg$ if there are at least $a$ points to the right of $s{g}_i$ in $sg$ which are greater than $s{g}_i$, at least $b$ points to the left of $s{g}_i$ in $sg$ which are greater than $s{g}_i$, at least $c$ points to the left of $s{g}_i$ in $sg$ which are smaller than $s{g}_i$, and at least $d$ points to the right of $s{g}_i$ in $sg$ which are smaller than $s{g}_i$. This paper is continuation of the systematic study of the distribution of quadrant marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations started in cite{kitremtie} where we mainly studied the distribution of the number of matches of $MMP(a,b,c,d)$ in 132-avoiding permutations where exactly one of $a,b,c,d$ is greater than zero and the remaining elements are zero. In this paper, we study the distribution of the number of matches of $MMP(a,b,c,d)$ in 132-avoiding permutations where exactly two of $a,b,c,d$ are greater than zero and the remaining elements are zero. We provide explicit recurrence relations to enumerate our objects which can be used to give closed forms for the generating functions associated with such distributions. In many cases, we provide combinatorial explanations of the coefficients that appear in our generating functions. The case of quadrant marked mesh patterns $MMP(a,b,c,d)$ where three or more of $a,b,c,d$ are constrained to be greater than 0 will be studied in cite{kitremtieIII}.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.2274

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zbMATH Keywords

distribution of quadrant marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05)

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• Quadrant marked mesh patterns in 123-avoiding permutations
• The combinatorics of Jeff Remmel
• Harmonic numbers, Catalan's triangle and mesh patterns

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