Følner sequences in operator theory and operator algebras

General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05) Means on groups, semigroups, etc.; amenable groups (43A07) Subnormal operators, hyponormal operators, etc. (47B20) Structure theory of linear operators (47A65)

Abstract: The present article is a review of recent developments concerning the notion of F{o}lner sequences both in operator theory and operator algebras. We also give a new direct proof that any essentially normal operator has an increasing F{o}lner sequence

P_{n}

of non-zero finite rank projections that strongly converges to 1. The proof is based on Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theory. We use F{o}lner sequences to analyze the class of finite operators introduced by Williams in 1970. In the second part of this article we examine a procedure of approximating any amenable trace on a unital and separable C*-algebra by tracial states

m a t h r m T r (c d o t P_{n}) / m a t h r m T r (P_{n})

corresponding to a F{o}lner sequence and apply this method to improve spectral approximation results due to Arveson and B'edos. The article concludes with the analysis of C*-algebras admitting a non-degenerate representation which has a F{o}lner sequence or, equivalently, an amenable trace. We give an abstract characterization of these algebras in terms of unital completely positive maps and define F{o}lner C*-algebras as those unital separable C*-algebras that satisfy these equivalent conditions. This is analogous to Voiculescu's abstract characterization of quasidiagonal C*-algebras.

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