Nonlinear piecewise polynomial approximation and multivariate BV spaces of a Wiener-L. Young type. I.

Abstract: The named space denoted by

V_{p q}^{k}

consists of

L_{q}

functions on

[0, 1)^{d}

of bounded

p

-variation of order

k i n m a t h b b N

. It generalizes the classical spaces

V_{p} (0, 1)

(

= V_{p i n f t y}^{1}

) and

B V ([0, 1)^{d})

(

V_{1 q}^{1}

where

q := f r a c d d - 1

) and closely relates to several important smoothness spaces, e.g., to Sobolev spaces over

L_{p}

,

B V

and

B M O

and to Besov spaces. The main approximation result concerns the space

V_{p q}^{k}

of extit{smoothness}

s := d l e f t (f r a c 1 p - f r a c 1 q i g h t) i n (0, k]

. It asserts the following: Let

f i n V_{p q}^{k}

are of smoothness

s i n (0, k]

and

N i n m a t h b b N

. There exist a family

D e l t a_{N}

of

N

dyadic subcubes of

[0, 1)^{d}

and a piecewise polynomial

g_{N}

over

D e l t a_{N}

of degree

k - 1

such that [ |f-g_N|_qleqslant CN^{-s/d}|f|_{V_{pq}^k}. ] This implies the similar results for the above mentioned smoothness spaces, in particular, solves the going back to the 1967 Birman--Solomyak paper cite{BS} problem of approximation of functions from

W_{p}^{k} ([0, 1)^{d})

in

L_{q} ([0, 1)^{d})

when ever

f r a c k d = f r a c 1 p - f r a c 1 q

and

q < i n f t y

.

Review text

Let \(V_{pq}^{k}\) be the space of all functions \(f \in L_{q}([0,1)^{d})\) which have bounded \(p\)-variation of order \(k \in \mathbb{N}.\) The corresponding seminorm is given by \[ | f |_{V_{pq}^{k}} := \operatorname{var}_{p}^{k}(f;L_{q}) = \sup_{\Delta} \, \left\{ \sum_{Q\in\Delta} \, \mathrm{osc}_{q}^{k}(f;Q)^{p} \right\}^{1/p}, \] where \(\Delta\) runs over disjoint families of cubes \(Q \subset [0,1)^{d}\) and \(\operatorname{osc}_{q}^{k}(f;Q) := \sup_{h \in \mathbb{R}^{d}} \, \| \Delta_{h}^{k} f \|_{L_{q}(Q_{kh})},\) \(\Delta_{h}^{k} := \sum_{j=0}^{k} \, (-1)^{k-j} \binom{k}{j} \delta_{jh}\) and \(Q_{kh} := \{ x \in \mathbb{R}^{d} \mid x+jh \in Q, j=0,1,\ldots, k \}.\) The smoothness of the space \(V_{pq}^{k}\) denoted by \(s(V_{pq}^{k})\) is a real number given by \(s(V_{pq}^{k}) := d \left( \frac{1}{p} - \frac{1}{q} \right).\) The main result of the paper is the following theorem. Theorem. Let \(f \in V_{pq}^{k}\) be of smoothness \(s := s(V_{pq}^{k}) \in (0,k],\) \(1 \leq p<q< \infty\) and \(N \in \mathbb{N}.\) There exist a family \(\Delta_{N}\) of \(N\) dyadic subcubes of \([0,1)^{d}\) and a piecewise polynomial \(g_{N}\) over \(\Delta_{N}\) of degree \(k-1\) such that \[ \| f -g_{N} \|_{q} \leq C N^{-s/d} | f |_{V_{pq}^{k}}. \]

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