A natural constraint approach to normalized solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and systems

Second-order elliptic systems (35J47) Variational methods for elliptic systems (35J50) Semilinear elliptic equations with Laplacian, bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian (35J91)

Abstract: We prove existence of normalized solutions to [ �egin{cases} -Delta u - lambda_1 u = mu_1 u^3+ �eta u v^2 & ext{in

m a t h b b R^{3}

} -Delta v- lambda_2 v = mu_2 v^3 +�eta u^2 v & ext{in

m a t h b b R^{3}

}int_{mathbb{R}^3} u^2 = a_1^2 quad ext{and} quad int_{mathbb{R}^3} v^2 = a_2^2 end{cases} ] for any

m u_{1}, m u_{2}, a_{1}, a_{2} > 0

and

prescribed. The approach is based upon the introduction of a natural constraint associated to the problem. Our method can be adapted to the scalar NLS equation with normalization constraint, and leads to alternative and simplified proofs to some results already available in the literature.

Review text

The paper [J. Funct. Anal. 272, No. 12, 4998--5037 (2017; Zbl 06714264)] of the authors concerns the existence of positive normalized solutions to the semilinear elliptic system \[\begin{split} -\Delta u_1 - \lambda _1u_1 &= \mu_1u^3_1 + \beta u_2u_1, \\ -\Delta u_2 - \lambda_2u_2 &= \mu_2 u^3_2 + \beta u^2_ 1u_2, \qquad \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^3, \end{split} \tag{a}\] i.e., the existence of real numbers \((\lambda_1, \lambda_2)\in\mathbb{R}^2\) and of functions \((u_1, u_2)\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^3; \mathbb{R}^2)\) satisfying (a) joint with the normalization condition \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} u^2_1 = a^2_1,\qquad \text{and}\quad \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} u^2_2 = a^2 _2 ,\tag{b} \] for a priori given \(a_1, a_2 > 0,\ \mu _1,\mu_2, \beta\in\mathbb{R}.\) The authors look for solutions to (a)--(b) as critical points of the corresponding energy functional on the constraint set defined keeping (b) fixed, and beeing \((\lambda_1,\lambda_2)\) the Lagrange multipliers. In the literature there are already known several particular cases of existence of solutions (\((a_1,a_2)\) small enough, restrictions on the variations of the parameters, \(\ldots\)) In their Theorem 1.1, the authors prove the existence of positive, radially symmetric solutions for \(\lambda_i<0\), when \(\mu_ 1,\mu_ 2,a_1,a_2 > 0\) and \(\beta< 0\) is fixed. In their Theorem 1.2, keeping \(a_1,a_2, \mu_1\) and \(\mu_2\) fixed, the authors prove the existence of a family of solutions \[ \{(\lambda_{1,\beta} ,\lambda_{2,\beta} ,\overline{u}_{1,\beta} ,\overline{u}_{2,\beta} ) : \beta < 0\} \] and prove that phase-separation occurs as \(\beta \to -\infty.\) Specifically (up to a subsequence): (i) \((\lambda_{1,\beta} ,\lambda_{2,\beta} ) \to (\lambda_1,\lambda_2)\), with \(\lambda_1,\lambda_2 \le 0\); (ii) \((\overline{u}_{1,\beta} ,\overline{u}_{2,\beta} ) \to (\overline{u}_1 ,\overline{u}_2 )\) in \(C^{0,\alpha}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^3)\) and in \(H^1_{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^3)\); (iii) \(\overline{u}_1 \) and \(\overline{u}_2 \) are nonnegative Lipschitz continuous functions having disjoint positivity sets, in the sense that \(\overline{u}_1 \overline{u}_2 \equiv 0\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\); (iv) the difference \(\overline{u}_1 - \overline{u}_2 \) is a sign-changing radial solution of \[ - \Delta w -\lambda_ 1 w^+ +\lambda_ 2 w^- = \mu_1 (w_1^+)^3 - \mu_2 (w_1^-)^3 \qquad\text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^3 . \] After the publication, Prof. J. Mederski pointed out that the proofs of [loc. cit., Theorem 2.1(i) and Theorem 4.1(i)] contain a gap. In this correction note the authors show that the main results from [loc. cit.] are correct as stated, and give modified statements, slightly weaker than previous subsidiary Theorems, to get this.

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