μ-definable sets of integers

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Publication:5287693





The \(\mu\)-calculus is a language for including inductive definitions with first-order logic. In first-order logic, a formula \(\varphi\) with a distinguished free variable \(x\) can be taken to represent a set, \(\{x\mid \varphi(x)\}\). Then the Boolean connectives become operations on sets. The \(\mu\)-calculus merely adds one more, least fixed point. This paper shows that those sets of natural numbers definable in the \(\mu\)-calculus are exactly those that are in a certain initial segment of \(L\). The ordinals used to describe this segment are characterized by a hierarchy of reflection properties, only the lowest levels of which had been identified before [by \textit{W. Richter} and \textit{P. Aczel}, Generalized Recursion Theory, Proc. Symp. Oslo 1972, 301-381 (1974; Zbl 0318.02042)]. Along the way some prenex normal form theorems about the \(\mu\)-calculus are also proved.











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