Scale-free random branching trees in supercritical phase

Authors:

Abstract: We study the size and the lifetime distributions of scale-free random branching tree in which

k

branches are generated from a node at each time step with probability

q_{k} s i m k^{- g a m m a}

. In particular, we focus on finite-size trees in a supercritical phase, where the mean branching number

C = s u m_{k} k q_{k}

is larger than 1. The tree-size distribution

p (s)

exhibits a crossover behavior when

2 < g a m m a < 3

; A characteristic tree size

s_{c}

exists such that for

s l l s_{c}

,

p (s) s i m s^{- g a m m a / (g a m m a - 1)}

and for

s g g s_{c}

,

p (s) s i m s^{- 3 / 2} e x p (- s / s_{c})

, where

s_{c}

scales as

s i m (C - 1)^{- (g a m m a - 1) / (g a m m a - 2)}

. For

g a m m a > 3

, it follows the conventional mean-field solution,

p (s) s i m s^{- 3 / 2} e x p (- s / s_{c})

with

s_{c} s i m (C - 1)^{- 2}

. The lifetime distribution is also derived. It behaves as

e l l (t) s i m t^{- (g a m m a - 1) / (g a m m a - 2)}

for

2 < g a m m a < 3

, and

s i m t^{- 2}

for

g a m m a > 3

when branching step

t l l t_{c} s i m (C - 1)^{- 1}

, and

e l l (t) s i m e x p (- t / t_{c})

for all

g a m m a > 2

when

t g g t_{c}

. The analytic solutions are corroborated by numerical results.

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