Singular limit for a nonlinear parabolic equation with terms concentrating on the boundary
Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^N\) be an open bounded smooth set with a \(C^2\) boundary \(\partial\Omega\), \(\Gamma\) be a smooth subset of the boundary such that \(\text{dist}(\Gamma,\partial\Omega/\Gamma) >0\) and \(\omega_\varepsilon=\{x-\sigma n(x)\), \(x\in\Gamma\), \(\sigma\in[0,\varepsilon)\}\) be a strip of width \(\varepsilon\) and base \(\Gamma\), \(0<\varepsilon<\varepsilon_o\). Here \(n\) denotes the outward normal vector to \(\Gamma\). The characteristic function of \(\omega_\varepsilon\) is denoted by \(\chi_\varepsilon\). The paper deals with the behavior, as \(\varepsilon\to 0,\) of the solutions \(u_\varepsilon\) of the nonlinear parabolic problem \[ u_t-\text{div}(a(x)\nabla u)=f(x,u)+\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\chi_\varepsilon g_\varepsilon(x,u) \quad \text{in } \Omega \tag{1} \] with the boundary and initial conditions \[ Bu\equiv a(x)\frac{\partial u}{\partial n}+b(x) u=0\quad\text{on }\Gamma, \tag{2} \] \[ {\mathcal B}u=0 \quad \text{ on }\partial\Omega/\Gamma,\qquad u|_{t=0}=u_o \quad\text{in }\Omega,\tag{3} \] where \({\mathcal B}u=u\) (Dirichlet condition) or \({\mathcal B}Bu=Bu\) (Robin condition). It is shown that the limit problem is given by \[ u_t-\text{div}(a(x)\nabla u)=f(x,u)\quad \text{in } \Omega, \] \[ Bu=g_o(x,u) \quad\text{ on }\Gamma \] and (3), where \(g_o(x,u)\) is the limit, in some sense, as \(\varepsilon \to 0\), of \(\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\chi_\varepsilon g_\varepsilon(x,u)\). The authors give conditions on the data which imply the existence of global attractors for \((P_\varepsilon)\), \(0\leq\varepsilon\leq \varepsilon_o\), such that \[ \text{dist}_{H^{1,q}_{bc} }({\mathcal A}_{\varepsilon},{\mathcal A}_o)= \sup_{u_{\varepsilon}\in{\mathcal A}_{\varepsilon}} \inf_{u\in{\mathcal A}_o} \|u_{\varepsilon}-u\|\to 0 \] as \(\varepsilon\to 0,\) for any \(1<q<\infty\), where \[ H^{1,q}_{bc}= \begin{cases} \{v\in H^{1,q}(\Omega):v=0 \text{ in } \partial\Omega/\Gamma\} &\text{for Dirichlet conditions,}\\ H^{1,q}(\Omega) &\text{for Robin conditions.} \end{cases} \]
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