Singular perturbations of curved boundaries in three dimensions. The spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian

Perturbations in context of PDEs (35B20) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Asymptotic expansions of solutions to PDEs (35C20) Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Eigenvalue problems for linear operators (47A75)

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Let \(\Omega\) be a domain in \(\mathbb R^3\), \(\overline{\omega}_h\) -- a small cavern with a diameter \(O(h)\) in a boundary \(\partial\Omega\) or inside of the domain \(\Omega\) at the distance \(O(h)\) from \(\partial\Omega\), \(\Omega(h)\) -- a domain \(\Omega\) with a hole \(\overline{\omega}_h\), \(\partial\Omega(0)=\partial\Omega\). There is considered the spectral Neumann problem in perturbed domain \[ -\Delta_xu^h(x)=\lambda^h u^h(x), \quad x \in \Omega(h), \;\partial_{n^h}u^h(x)=0, \;x\in \partial\Omega(h), \tag{1} \] where \(\Delta_x\) is the Laplace operator, \(\partial_{n^h}\) -- the derivative with respect to normal to \(\partial\Omega(h)\). The authors prove the asymptotic expansion formulas with respect to \(h\) of the eigenvalues \(0=\lambda^h_0<\lambda^h_1\leq \lambda^h_2 \leq \cdots \leq \lambda^h_m \cdots \), \(\lambda^h_m \to \infty\) as \(m \to \infty\) and eigenfunctions \(u^h_0, u^h_1, u^h_2, \dots, u^h_m, \dots \) to problem (1), the principle terms of them are the eigenvalues \( 0=\lambda^0_0<\lambda^0_1\leq \lambda^0_2 \leq \cdots \leq \lambda^0_m \cdots \), \(\lambda^0_m \to \infty\) as \(m \to \infty\) and eigenfunctions \(v^0_0, v^0_1, v^0_2, \dots, v^0_m, \dots \) respectively of the unperturbed Neumann problem \[ -\Delta_xv^0(x)=\lambda^0 v^0(x), \quad x \in \Omega, \;\partial_{n}v^0(x)=0, \;x\in \partial\Omega, \] where \(\partial_n\) is the normal derivative to \(\partial\Omega\). In particular, it follows from these formulas that \(\lambda^h_m = \lambda^0_m + O(h^3)\), \(u^h_m=v^0_m+O(h^3)\) as \(h\to 0\).

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