Optimal solvers for fourth-order PDEs discretized on unstructured grids

DOI10.1137/120878148MaRDI QIDQ5415992zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shuo Zhang, Jinchao Xu

Publication date 19 May 2014

Published in SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1203.0632

zbMATH Keywords

algorithmconjugate gradient methoddifferent boundary conditionsfinite element methodfourth-order PDEsnumerical testoptimal solverPoisson equationpolygonal domainspreconditionerSobolev spaceunstructured grids

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Preconditioners for iterative methods (65F08) Iterative numerical methods for linear systems (65F10) Numerical solution of discretized equations for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N22) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30) Mesh generation, refinement, and adaptive methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N50)

Abstract: This paper provides the first provable $mathcalO(NlogN)$ algorithms for the linear system arising from the direct finite element discretization of the fourth-order equation with different boundary conditions on unstructured grids of size $N$ on an arbitrary polygoanl domain. Several preconditioners are presented, and the conjugate gradient methods applied with these preconditioners are proven to converge uniformly with respect to the size of the preconditioned linear system. One main ingredient of the optimal preconditioners is a mixed-form discretization of the fourth-order problem. Such a mixed-form discretization leads to a non-desirable ---either non-optimal or non-convergent--- approximation of the original solution, but it provides optimal preconditioners for the direct finite element problem. It is further shown that the implementation of the preconditioners can be reduced to the solution of several discrete Poisson equations. Therefore, any existing optimal or nearly optimal solver, such as geometric or algebraic multigrid methods, for Poisson equations would lead to a nearly optimal solver for the discrete fourth-order system. A number of nonstandard Sobolev spaces and their discretizations defined on the boundary of polygonal domains are carefully studied and used for the analysis of those preconditioners.

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• A stable mixed element method for the biharmonic equation with first-order function spaces
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• Auxiliary space preconditioners for a \(C^0\) finite element approximation of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations with cordes coefficients
• Fast multilevel solvers for a class of discrete fourth order parabolic problems
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• Multigrid solvers for isogeometric discretizations of the second biharmonic problem
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