Criteria for D₄ singularities of wave fronts
A map \(f:\mathbb R^2 \to\mathbb R^3\) is called a wave front if it is the composition of a Legendrian map \(\mathbb R^2 \to S^1(T^*(\mathbb R^3))\) and the projection \(S^1(T^*(\mathbb R^3))\to\mathbb R^3\). Generic singularities of wave fronts were classified by Arnold and Zakalyukin. Two of the most degenerate generic singularities are called \(D_4^+\) and \(D_4^-\). The main result of the present paper is a characterization of these singularities in terms of the first derivative and the sign of the determinant of the Hessian of \(f\). The author also studies the singular curvatures of cuspidal edges near a \(D_4^+\) singularity.
- A k singlarities of wave fronts
- Singularities of Gauss maps of wave fronts with non-degenerate singular points
- The duality between singular points and inflection points on wave fronts
- The geometry of fronts
- Criteria for singularities of smooth maps from the plane into the plane and their applications
- A k singlarities of wave fronts
- Circular surfaces
- Flat fronts in hyperbolic 3-space and their caustics
- Flat surfaces with singularities in Euclidean 3-space
- Horospherical flat surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3826815 (Why is no real title available?)
- Hyperbolic Schwarz map of the confluent hypergeometric differential equation
- Normal forms for functions near degenerate critical points, the Weyl groups of A\(_k\), D\(_k\), E\(_k\) and lagrangian singularities
- On simple families of functions and their Legendrian mappings
- Reconstructions of fronts and caustics depending on a parameter and versality of mappings
- Singularities of flat fronts in hyperbolic space
- SINGULARITIES OF IMPROPER AFFINE SPHERES AND SURFACES OF CONSTANT GAUSSIAN CURVATURE
- Singularities of lightlike hypersurfaces in Minkowski four-space
- Singularities of maximal surfaces
- The duality between singular points and inflection points on wave fronts
- The geometry of fronts
- The mandala of Legendrian dualities for pseudo-spheres in Lorentz-Minkowski space and ``flat spacelike surfaces
- Wave front evolution and equivariant Morse lemma
- Addendum to: ``Singularities of flat fronts in hyperbolic space
- Singularities of parallel surfaces
- Singularities of singular solutions of first-order differential equations of clairaut type
- Singularities of translation surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space
- Principal curvatures and parallel surfaces of wave fronts
- A k singlarities of wave fronts
- \(d\)-minimal surfaces in three-dimensional singular semi-Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^{0,2,1}\)
- Singularities of Gauss maps of wave fronts with non-degenerate singular points
- Focal surfaces of wave fronts in the Euclidean 3-space
- Schwarz maps for the hypergeometric differential equation
- Singularities of Gauss maps of frontal surfaces with non-front singular points
- Caustics of pseudo-spherical surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space
- The -wave front between a smooth surface and its Gauss map
- Frontal singularities and related problems
- Ribaucour transformations and their singularities
- Parallel and dual surfaces of cuspidal edges
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