The equitable basis for sl₂

DOI10.1007/S00209-010-0682-9MaRDI QIDQ543337zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Georgia Benkart, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 17 June 2011

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.2066

zbMATH Keywords

Cartan matrixequitable basisKac-Moody algebramodular group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, algebraic theory (weights) (17B10) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67)

Abstract: This article contains an investigation of the equitable basis for the Lie algebra sl_2. Denoting this basis by {x,y,z}, we have [x,y] = 2x + 2y, [y,z] = 2y + 2z, [z, x] = 2z + 2x. One focus of our study is the group of automorphisms G generated by exp(ad x*), exp(ad y*), exp(ad z*), where {x*,y*,z*} is the basis for sl_2 dual to {x,y,z} with respect to the trace form (u,v) = tr(uv). We show that G is isomorphic to the modular group PSL_2(Z). Another focus of our investigation is the lattice L=Zx+Zy+Zz. We prove that the orbit G(x) equals {u in L |(u,u)=2}. We determine the precise relationship between (i) the group G, (ii) the group of automorphisms for sl_2 that preserve L, (iii) the group of automorphisms and antiautomorphisms for sl_2 that preserve L, and (iv) the group of isometries for (,) that preserve L. We obtain analogous results for the lattice L* =Zx*+Zy*+Zz*. Relative to the equitable basis, the matrix of the trace form is a Cartan matrix of hyperbolic type; consequently,we identify the equitable basis with the set of simple roots of the corresponding Kac-Moody Lie algebra g. Then L is the root lattice for g and 1/2L* is the weight lattice, and G(x) coincides with the set of real roots for g. Using L, L*, and G, we give several descriptions of the isotropic roots for g and show that each isotropic root has multiplicity 1. We describe the finite-dimensional sl_2-modules from the point of view of the equitable basis. In the final section, we establish a connection between the Weyl group orbit of the fundamental weights of g and Pythagorean triples.

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Cites work

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• The Modular Tree of Pythagoras
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• The universal central extension of the three-point $\mathfrak {sl}_2$ loop algebra

Cited in

(23)

• A linear map acts as a Leonard pair with each of the generators of \(U(s l_2)\)
• Equitable presentations for multiparameter quantum groups
• Criteria for equidistribution of solutions of word equations on \(\mathrm{SL}(2)\).
• Finite-dimensional irreducible \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)-modules from the equitable point of view
• Leonard pairs and Leonard triples of \(q\)-Racah type from the quantum algebra \(U_q(sl_2)\)
• A bidiagonal and tridiagonal linear map with respect to eigenbases of equitable basis of \(sl_{2}\)
• Leonard pairs from the equitable basis of sl2
• The algebra \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) in disguise
• Billiard arrays and finite-dimensional irreducible \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)-modules
• The Lusztig automorphism of Uq(𝔰𝔩2) from the equitable point of view
• Leonard triples from the equitable basis of sl₂
• A tridiagonal linear map with respect to eigenbases of equitable basis of sl₂
• Lowering-raising triples and \(U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\)
• Linear transformations that are tridiagonal with respect to the three decompositions for an LR triple
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7373356 (Why is no real title available?)
• Leonard pairs and quantum algebra \(U_q(sl_{2})\)
• Bidiagonal triples
• The universal enveloping algebra of \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) and the Racah algebra
• The equitable presentation for the quantum group _q(sl₂)
• The \(\mathbb{Z}_3\)-symmetric down-up algebra
• Four bases for the Onsager Lie algebra related by a \(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2\) action
• The equitable \(q\)-deformation of \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\)
• An LR pair that can be extended to an LR triple

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