Cohomology classes represented by measured foliations, and Mahler's question for interval exchanges
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General groups of measure-preserving transformations and dynamical systems (37A15) Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) (37D40) Foliations (differential geometric aspects) (53C12) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50)
Abstract: A translation surface on (S, Sigma) gives rise to two transverse measured foliations FF, GG on S with singularities in Sigma, and by integration, to a pair of cohomology classes [FF], , [GG] in H^1(S, Sigma; R). Given a measured foliation FF, we characterize the set of cohomology classes B for which there is a measured foliation GG as above with B = [GG]. This extends previous results of Thurston and Sullivan. We apply this to two problems: unique ergodicity of interval exchanges and flows on the moduli space of translation surfaces. For a fixed permutation sigma in mathcal{S}_d, the space R^d_+ parametrizes the interval exchanges on d intervals with permutation sigma. We describe lines ell in R^d_+ such that almost every point in ell is uniquely ergodic. We also show that for sigma(i) = d+1-i, for almost every s>0, the interval exchange transformation corresponding to sigma and (s, s^2, ldots, s^d) is uniquely ergodic. As another application we show that when k=|Sigma| geq 2, the operation of `moving the singularities horizontally' is globally well-defined. We prove that there is a well-defined action of the group B ltimes R^{k-1} on the set of translation surfaces of type (S, Sigma) without horizontal saddle connections. Here B subset SL(2,R) is the subgroup of upper triangular matrices.
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