On the period of the continued fraction expansion of 2²ⁿ+1+1

Abstract: In this paper, we prove that the period of the continued fraction expansion of

s q r t 2^{n} + 1

tends to infinity when

n

tends to infinity through odd positive integers.

Review text

In this interesting paper the authors manage to establish that the lengths of the periods of the regular continued fraction expansions of numbers of the form \(\sqrt{2^{2n+1}+1}\) tend to infinity, for \(n\) tending to infinity. In fact, the latter result is derived as a special case of the main theorem of this paper, which gives a partial (affirmative) answer to a question raised in [\textit{P. Corvaja} and \textit{U. Zannier}, Indag. Math., New Ser. 9, No. 3, 317--332 (1998; Zbl 0923.11103)]. There it was conjectured that, given that a power sum \(f\) satisfies certain technical assumptions, one then has that the periods of the regular continued fraction expansions of \(\sqrt{f(n)}\) tend to infinity, for \(n\) tending to infinity. In the paper under review the authors impose a few more technical conditions on \(f\) and show that under these additional assumptions one has that \(\sqrt{f(n)}\) is eventually irrational (that is, \(\sqrt{f(n)}\) is rational for at most finitely many \(n\)). The authors then proceed by showing that the conjecture of Corvaja and Zannier is true under these additional assumptions on \(f\).

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