scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2216050

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The authors continue their previous work [Duke Math. J. 78, No. 2, 315--334 (1995; Zbl 0839.35014)] on the local behaviour of positive singular solutions of the equation \[ \Delta u + g(u) = 0 \quad\text{in}\quad B_2\backslash \Gamma \leqno(*) \] where \(B_R\) denotes the open ball in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\geq 3\), of radius \(R\) centred at the origin, \(g\) is a positive, locally bounded function on \((0,\infty)\) with \(t^{-{{n+2}\over{n-2}}}g(t)\) nonincreasing in \(t\) for large \(t\), and \(\Gamma\) is a closed subset of \(\bar B_1\) with vanishing Newton capacity. Unlike many previous works in which \(\Gamma\) was assumed to be discrete, this assumption allows \(\Gamma\) to be as large as a codimension two submanifold of \(\bar B_1\). The main result is the following spherical Harnack inequality: \[ {{g(u(x))}\over{u(x)}} \leq c\,d(x)^{-2} \quad\text{for}\quad |x|\leq 1 \] where \(c\) is a positive constant and \(d(x)=dist(x,\Gamma)\). This result is new even when \(\Gamma=\{0\}\) and \(u\) is radially symmetric. A corollary of the main theorem is that if \(u\) is a positive solution of \((*)\) with \(\Gamma=\{0\}\) and \(0\) is a nonremovable singularity, then \(\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} u(x)=+\infty\) and \(u\) is asymptotically symmetric as \(x\rightarrow 0\) in the sense that \(u(x)=\bar u(r)(1+o(1))\) for \(r=|x|\) where \(\bar u(r)\) is the average of \(u\) over the sphere \(S_r=\{x:|x|=r\}\) and \(o(1)\rightarrow 0\) as \(r\rightarrow 0\). The proof uses the method of moving planes and a localization technique of \textit{R. Schoen} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 41, No. 3, 317--392 (1988; Zbl 0674.35027)].



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