Semiconjugate factorizations of higher order linear difference equations in rings

DOI10.1080/10236198.2013.830610MaRDI QIDQ5746476zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Hassan Sedaghat

Publication date 18 February 2014

Published in Journal of Difference Equations and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.2804

zbMATH Keywords

eigensequencefunctional difference equations: Bessel functionslinear difference equationsperiodic coefficientsPoincaré-Perron theoremring of functionssemiconjugate factorizationunitary solution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear difference equations (39A06) Additive difference equations (39A10)

Abstract: We study linear difference equations with variable coefficients in a ring using a new nonlinear method. In a ring with identity, if the homogeneous part of the linear equation has a solution in the unit group of the ring (i.e., a unitary solution) then we show that the equation decomposes into two linear equations of lower orders. This decomposition, known as a semiconjugate factorization in the nonlinear theory, generalizes the classical operator factorization in the linear context. Sequences of ratios of consecutive terms of a unitary solution are used to obtain the semiconjugate factorization. Such sequences, known as eigensequences are well-suited to variable coefficients; for instance, they provide a natural context for the expression of the classical Poincar'{e}-Perron Theorem. We discuss some applications to linear difference equations with periodic coefficients and also derive formulas for the general solutions of linear functional recurrences satisfied by the classical special functions such as the modified Bessel and Chebyshev.

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Cited in

(5)

• Dynamics of planar systems that model stage-structured populations
• A generalized semiconjugacy in difference equations
• Extinction, periodicity and multistability in a ricker model of stage-structured populations
• A note: all homogeneous second order difference equations of degree one have semiconjugate factorizations
• Connection of Solutions of Abstract Paired Equations in Rings with Factorization Pairs

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