Optimal control of heat-pump heat-storage systems with time-of-day energy price incentive
Optimality conditions for problems involving ordinary differential equations (49K15) Numerical methods in optimal control (49M99) Deterministic network models in operations research (90B10) Nonlinear systems in control theory (93C10) Control/observation systems governed by ordinary differential equations (93C15) Application models in control theory (93C95)
The maximum principle of optimal control theory is applied to the problem of optimizing the operation of a heat pump, when a storage capability is available and the electrical utility offers time-of-day price incentives in order to help level its diurnal load profile. The cost functional for optimal control is the monetary cost of purchased electrical energy. A bilinear model for the heat pump is assumed. When the ambient temperature is cyclic over the 24-hour period of the price pattern, periodic boundary conditions apply and the closed extremal trajectories are found to be unique and easily determined with a one-dimensional numerical search. These extremals have simple characteristics and reveal plausible strategies for minimizing the cost of purchased energy. They are potentially implementable with a simple, microprocessor-based controller.
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