Extension of the category O^ g and a vanishing theorem for the Ext functor for Kac-Moody algebras

Representations of Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, algebraic theory (weights) (17B10) Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras (17B20) Homological methods in Lie (super)algebras (17B55) Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras (17B56) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67)

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Let \(\mathfrak g\) be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra, \(\mathfrak h\) be its Cartan subalgebra, \(W\) be its Weyl group and \(w*\lambda =w(\lambda +\rho)-\rho\) be the usual shifted action of \(W\) on \(\mathfrak h^*\). The author defines an extended Tits cone \(K^{\text{w.g.}}\) inside \(\mathfrak h^*\) (w.g. stands for ``weakly-good). Say that \(\lambda\) is related to \(\mu\) if the irreducible module \(L(\lambda)\) is a subquotient of the Verma module \(M(\mu)\) and let \(\approx_0\) be the corresponding equivalence relation generated in \(K^{\text{w.g.}}\). Let \(\mathcal O^{\text{w.g.}}\) be the subcategory of the category \(\mathcal O\) whose objects have all their irreducible subquotients \(L(\lambda)\) such that \(\lambda \in K^{\text{w.g.}}\). If \(\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}\) is an equivalence class in \(K^{\text{w.g.}}\) for \(\approx_0\), say that an object \(M\) of \(\mathcal O^{\text{w.g.}}\) is of type \(\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}\) if \(\lambda \in \Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}\) for all irreducible subquotients \(L(\lambda)\) of \(M\). The author proves three main results: (1) for \(\lambda,\mu \in K^{\text{w.g.}}\), \(\lambda\approx_0 \mu\) iff there exists \(w\in W(\mu)\) such that \(w*\lambda =\mu\) where \(W(\mu)\) is a certain subgroup of \(W\). (2) \(\text{Ext}^ n_ g(M,N)=(0)\) for all \(n\geq 0\) and all objects \(M, N\) of \(\mathcal O^{\text{w.g.}}\) of different types. (3) For an object \(M\) of \(\mathcal O^{\text{w.g.}}\) there exists a unique set \(\{M_{\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}}\}_{\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}}\) of submodules of \(M\) such that (i) \(M=\oplus_{\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}} M_{\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}}\); (ii) \(M_{\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}}\) is of type \(\Lambda^{\text{w.g.}}\). These three results were proved by \textit{V. V. Deodhar}, \textit{O. Gabber} and \textit{V. Kac} [Adv. Math. 45, 92--116 (1982; Zbl 0491.17008)] when everywhere ``w.g. is replaced by ``g. and \(n=1\), \(K^ g\) being the Tits cone (contained in \(K^{\text{w.g.}})\) and \(\mathcal O^ g\) being defined from \(K^ g\) exactly as \(\mathcal O^{\text{w.g.}}.\) The proof of (1) follows very closely the article of \textit{V. G. Kac} and \textit{D. A. Kazhdan} [Adv. Math. 34, 97---108 (1979; Zbl 0427.17011)] and (3) follows from (2). Another implication of (3) is the vanishing of \(H_*(\mathfrak g,M)\) for \(M\) in the category \(\mathcal O\) which was obtained by the author in a previous paper [J. Algebra 102, 444--462 (1986; Zbl 0633.17012)]. The case of a symmetric hyperbolic \(2\times 2\) generalized Cartan matrix is studied in detail in order to give counterexamples. The reader could also consult the articles of \textit{V. V. Deodhar} and \textit{S. Kumaresan} [J. Algebra 103, 403--426 (1986; Zbl 0616.17009)] where the equivalence \(\approx \circ\) is studied in a special case and where related topics are investigated.

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