polynomial-time algorithmstrong cliquediamond-free graphNP-hard problemCIS graphmaximal cliquemaximal stable setstrongly perfect graphsimplicial cliqueErdős-Hajnal property
Graph algorithms (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C85) Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (68Q25) Computational difficulty of problems (lower bounds, completeness, difficulty of approximation, etc.) (68Q17) Vertex subsets with special properties (dominating sets, independent sets, cliques, etc.) (05C69)
Abstract: A strong clique in a graph is a clique intersecting all inclusion-maximal stable sets. Strong cliques play an important role in the study of perfect graphs. We study strong cliques in the class of diamond-free graphs, from both structural and algorithmic points of view. We show that the following five NP-hard or co-NP-hard problems remain intractable when restricted to the class of diamond-free graphs: Is a given clique strong? Does the graph have a strong clique? Is every vertex contained in a strong clique? Given a partition of the vertex set into cliques, is every clique in the partition strong? Can the vertex set be partitioned into strong cliques? On the positive side, we show that the following two problems whose computational complexity is open in general can be solved in linear time in the class of diamond-free graphs: Is every maximal clique strong? Is every edge contained in a strong clique? These results are derived from a characterization of diamond-free graphs in which every maximal clique is strong, which also implies an improved ErdH{o}s-Hajnal property for such graphs.
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