Asymptotic behaviour and the moduli space of doubly-periodic instantons

DOI10.1007/S100970100032MaRDI QIDQ5953556zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Olivier Biquard, Marcos Jardim

Publication date 25 February 2003

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0005154

zbMATH Keywords

gauge theoryHiggs bundlesholomorphic vector bundleshyper-Kähler geometryinstantonsmoduli spacesNahm transformYang-Mills theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Special connections and metrics on vector bundles (Hermite-Einstein, Yang-Mills) (53C07) Hyper-Kähler and quaternionic Kähler geometry, ``special geometry (53C26) Other complex differential geometry (53C56) Moduli problems for differential geometric structures (58D27) Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15)

Abstract: We study doubly-periodic instantons, i.e. instantons on the product of a 1-dimensional complex torus T with a complex line C, with quadratic curvature decay. We determine the asymptotic behaviour of these instantons, constructing new asymptotic invariants. We show that the underlying holomorphic bundle extends to TxP1. The converse statement is also true, namely a holomorphic bundle on TxP1 which is flat on the torus at infinity, and satisfies a stability condition, comes from a doubly-periodic instanton. Finally, we study the hyperkahler geometry of the moduli space of doubly-periodic instantons, and prove that the Nahm transform previously defined by the second author is a hyperkahler isometry with the moduli space of certain meromorphic Higgs bundles on the dual torus.

Review text

Let \(T\) be a 1-dimensional complex torus. The aim of the present paper is to study the analytic properties of certain finite energy solutions of the Yang-Mills anti-self-dual equations over the complex surface \(T\times\mathbb{C}\). These particular solutions are called ``extensible doubly-periodic instantons and have been partially investigated by the second author in a series of recent preprints. According to M. Jardim's result, these doubly periodic instantons are equivalent to certain singular solutions of the well-known Hitchin's equations over an elliptic curve, and that via a construction known as the ``Nahm transform. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn this vein, the present paper grew out from questions raised in M. Jardim's previous works. More precisely, the instanton connections \(A\) for an \(SU_2\)-bundle \(E\) over \(T\times \mathbb{C}\) which lead to the desired doubly-periodic instantons, have to satisfy two crucial properties called ``quadratic curvature decay and ``extensibility, respectively, and one of the main goals of the present paper is to prove that the technical hypothesis of extensibility is actually a consequence of the anti-self-dual equation itself.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAnother goal of this paper is to gain a complete understanding of the behavior at infinity of all instantons with quadratic curvature decay, in general. The determination of this asymptotic behavior is achieved by constructing new asymptotic invariants for the underlying holomorphic instanton bundle. Then, in the second part of the paper, the authors pass to the analytic construction of the moduli space of doubly-periodic instantons. This moduli space turns out to be a smooth hyper-Kähler manifold, provided the instanton number \(k\) and the asymptotic invariants are fixed.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFinally, the authors revisit the Nahm transform (previously defined by the second author) in this context and, as a new result, they show that it can be interpreted as a hyper-Kähler isometry with the moduli space of certain meromorphic Higgs bundles on the dual torus. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAs the authors point out, physicists have also been increasingly interested in doubly-periodic instantons. They were recently studied by \textit{A. Kapustin} and \textit{S. Sethi} in the context of string theories [Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, No. 3, 571-591 (1998; Zbl 0967.81050)], on the one hand, and also by \textit{A. Gonzalez-Arroyo} and \textit{A. Montero} in the different context of quantum field theory [cf. Self-dual Vortex-like Configurations in \(SU(2)\) Yang-Mills Theory, Phys. Lett. B 442, 273-278 (1998)], on the other hand.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEWith these applications in mind, it is fair to say that the present paper provides highly valuable mathematical results that are also of remarkable significance in theoretical physics.

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