Continued fractions, q-Catalan numbers, and q-Genocchi polynomials

DOI10.1006/EUJC.1996.0087MaRDI QIDQ5961464zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Arthur Randrianarivony

Publication date 25 September 1997

Published in European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/eujc.1996.0087

zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numberscontinued fractionsGenocchi numbersinvolutionsJacobi type continued fractionMotzkin numbersMotzkin pathspermutation statisticsStieltjes type continued fraction

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) (q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Continued fractions (11A55) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65)

Review text

The author considers two continued fractions containing several parameters, one of which is \(t\). The first continued fraction is of Jacobi type, the second of Stieltjes type. Both can be expanded as a power series in \(t\). The main theorem of the paper is a combinatorial description of the coefficients as generating functions for involutions, respectively Genocchi permutations. (The latter are permutations \(\tau\) on an even number of elements with the property that \(\tau(2i-1)>2i-1\) and \(\tau(2i)\leq 2i\).) The weight with respect to which the involutions are counted keeps track of fixed points, inversions, ``crossings, ``imbricate pairs, and the sum of the peaks in cycles minus the sum of the valleys in cycles, all independently from each other. The weight with respect to which the Genocchi permutations are counted keeps track of fixed points and inversions. The proof consists of combining Flajolet's combinatorial description of a Jacobi type continued fraction in terms of weighted Motzkin paths and a bijection of \textit{Ph. Biane} [Eur. J. Comb. 14, No. 4, 277-284 (1993; Zbl 0784.05005)] between marked Motzkin paths and permutations, and then keeping track of the various statistics under Biane's construction. Specializations of the main theorem cover many results that appeared earlier in the literature. Also, a new combinatorial interpretation of Carlitz's \(q\)-Catalan numbers is given.

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Cited in

(14)

• q,p-Catalan numbers
• Crossings and nestings over some Motzkin objects and \(q\)-Motzkin numbers
• Continued fractions and the derangement polynomials of types A and B.
• Crossings over permutations avoiding some pairs of patterns of length three
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 227437 (Why is no real title available?)
• Generalized Dumont-Foata polynomials and alternative tableaux
• \((p, q, t)\)-Catalan continued fractions, gamma expansions and pattern avoidances
• Classical continued fractions for some multivariate polynomials generalizing the Genocchi and median Genocchi numbers
• Continued fractions using a Laguerre digraph interpretation of the Foata-Zeilberger bijection and its variants
• Cyclic sieving phenomena via combinatorics of continued fractions
• Colored interlacing triangles and Genocchi medians
• Restricted permutations refined by number of crossings and nestings
• A q-analog of the Seidel generation of Genocchi numbers
• Stochastic models and numerical algorithms for a class of regulatory gene networks

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