The Nevai condition

DOI10.1007/S00365-009-9055-1MaRDI QIDQ5962341zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jonathan Breuer, Y. Last, B. Simon

Publication date 22 September 2010

Published in Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.2255, https://authors.library.caltech.edu/19720/

Christoffel-Darboux kernel orthogonal polynomials regular measures

Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable (30C10) Additive difference equations (39A10) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Abstract: We study Nevai's condition that for orthogonal polynomials on the real line,

K_{n} (x, x_{0})^{2} K_{n} (x_{0}, x_{0})^{- 1} d h o (x) o d e l t a_{x_{0}}

where

K_{n}

is the CD kernel. We prove that it holds for the Nevai class of a finite gap set uniformly on the spectrum and we provide an example of a regular measure on

[- 2, 2]

where it fails on an interval.

Review text

Let \(\text{d}\rho\) be a measure on \(\mathbb{R}\) of compact, but not finite, support and let \(\text{p}_n(x,\text{d}\rho)\) be the standard normalized orthogonal polynomial of degree \(n\) for \(\text{d}\rho\). The Jacobi parameters \(\{a_n,b_n\}\) are defined by \[ x \text{p}_n(x)=a_{n+1} \text{p}_{n+1}(x) + b_{n+1} \text{p}_{n}(x) + c_n \text{p}_{n-1}(x).\tag{1} \] Introduce the Christoffel-Darboux kernel by \[ K_n(x,y)=\sum_{j=0}n\, \text{p}_{j}(x) \text{p}_{j}(y), \] and \[ \text{d}\eta^{(x_0)}={|K_n(x,x_0)|^2\text{d}\rho(x)\over K_n(x_0,x_0)}, \] where \(x_0\) appears in the Christoffel variational principle: if \[ \lambda_n(x_0)=\min\{\int |Q_n(x)|^2\text{d}\rho(x)\mid \text{deg}Q_n\leq n,Q_n(x_0)=1\} \] then \[ \lambda_n(x_0)={1\over K_n(x_0,x_0)}. \] The authors then define that \(\text{d}\rho(x)\) obeys \textit{the Nevai condition} if \[ \text{w}-\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,\text{d}\eta_n^{(x_0)}=\delta_{x_0}\;(\text{Dirac delta}) \] (where \(\text{w}-\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,\text{d}\nu_n=\text{d}\nu\) means \(\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\int f(x)\text{d}\nu_n(x)= \int f(x)\text{d}\nu(x)\) for any compactly supported continuous \(f\)). This concept originated in [\textit{P. Nevai}, Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 18 (213), 1--183 (1979; Zbl 0405.33009)] and is connected with a limiting condition on the Jacobi parameters in (1). Under the condition \[ 0<A_{-}\equiv \inf_n a_n\leq\sup_n a_n\equiv A_{+}<\infty,\tag{2} \] Nevai showed that his condition holds at \(x_0\) if \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\,{|\text{p}_n(x_0)|^2\over \sum_{j=0}^n\,|\text{p}_j(x_0)|^2}=0.\tag{3} \] In the paper under review the authors prove the converse: Theorem 2.2. Under condition (2), Nevai's condition is equivalent to \[ \int (x-x_0)^2\text{d}\eta_n^{(x_0)}(x)\rightarrow 0,\tag{4} \] and (4) holds if and only if (3) holds. Finally the authors exhibit an example of a measure (in the form of a Jacobi matrix) for which the Nevai condition fails for Lebesgue a.e. \(x_0 \in [-2,2]\setminus [-1,1]\). It must be remarked that the proofs in the paper exhibit many interesting and new intermediate results.

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