Mixed type multiple orthogonal polynomials for two Nikishin systems

DOI10.1007/S00365-009-9077-8MaRDI QIDQ5962343zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors U. Fidalgo Prieto, A. López García, Guillermo López Lagomasino, V. N. Sorokin

Publication date 22 September 2010

Published in Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0812.1219, http://hdl.handle.net/10016/6378

logarithmic asymptotes multiple orthogonal polynomials Nikishin system rate of convergence

Inequalities in the complex plane (30A10) Approximation by rational functions (41A20) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Abstract: We study the logarithmic and ratio asymptotic of linear forms constructed from a Nikishin system which satisfy orthogonality conditions with respect to a system of measures generated from another Nikishin system. This construction combines type I and type II multiple orthogonal polynomials. The logarithmic asymptotic of the linear forms is expressed in terms of the extremal solution of an associated vector valued equilibrium problem for the logarithmic potential. The ratio asymptotic is described by means of a conformal representation of an appropriate Riemann surface of genus zero onto the extended complex plane.

Review text

Let \(\sigma_{a}\) and \(\sigma_{b}\) be two measures with compact support on the real line \(R\) and let \(\Delta_{a}\) and \(\Delta_{b}\) be the smallest intervals containing the supports of \(\sigma_{a}\) and \(\sigma_{b}\), and assume \(\Delta_{a} \cap \Delta_{b} = \emptyset\). Define \[ <\sigma_{a}, \sigma_{b}> = \int \frac {d\sigma_{b}(t)} {x - t} d\sigma_{a}(x) = \hat{\sigma}_{b}(x) d\sigma_{a}(x). \] Here \(<\sigma_{a}, \sigma_{b}>\) is a measure whose support is the support of \(\sigma_{a}\). Now let \(\sigma_{0}, \sigma_{1}, \dots, \sigma_{n}\) be Borel measures on \(R\), and assume \(\Delta_{j} \cap \Delta_{j+1} = \emptyset\) for \(0 \leq j \leq n-1\). Define recursively \[ <\sigma_{0}, \sigma_{1}, \dots \sigma_{j}> = <\sigma_{0}, <\sigma_{1}, \sigma_{2}, \dots \sigma_{j}>>, \;\;\;\;j = 1, 2, \cdot\dot\cdot n, \] where it is assumed that \(\Delta_{j} \cap \Delta_{j+1} = \emptyset\) for \(0 \leq j \leq n-1\). Let \[ s_{0} = \sigma_{0}, \;s_{1} = <\sigma_{0}, \sigma_{1}>, \;\dots, \;s_{n} = <\sigma_{0}, \sigma_{1}, \dots, \sigma_{n}>. \] We say that \((s_{0}, s_{1}, \dots, s_{n}) = {\mathcal N}(\sigma_{0}, \sigma_{1}, \dots, \sigma_{n})\) is the Nikishin system of measures generated by \((\sigma_{1},\sigma_{2}, \dots, \sigma_{n})\). Let \({\mathbf n}_{1}\) and \({\mathbf n}_{2}\) be two vectors of integers, where \[ {\mathbf n}_{1} = (n_{1,0}, n_{1,1}, \dots, n_{1,m_{1}}) \;\;\;\text{and } \;\;{\mathbf n }_{2} = (n _{2,0}, n_{2,1}, \dots, n_{2,m_{2}}) , \] and set \[ |{\mathbf n}_{1}| = n_{1,0} + n_{1,1} + \dots + n_{1, m_{1}} \;\;\text{ and } \;\;|{\mathbf n}_{2}| = n_{2,0} + n_{2,1} + \dots + n_{2,m_{2}}. \] Let \({\mathbf n} = ({\mathbf n}_{1}, {\mathbf n}_{2})\) and assume that \(|{\mathbf n}_{2}| + 1 = |{\mathbf n}_{1}|\). Let \(S^{1} = (s_{0}^{1}, s_{1}^{1}, \dots, s_{m_{1}}^{1}) = {\mathcal N}^{1}(\sigma_{0}^{1}, \sigma_{1}^{1}, \dots, \sigma_{m_{1}}^{1})\) and \(S^{2} = (s_{0}^{2}, s_{1}^{2}, \dots, s_{m_{2}}^{2}) = {\mathcal N}^{2}(\sigma_{0}^{2}, \sigma_{1}^{2}, \dots, \sigma_{m_{2}}^{2})\) be two Nikishin systems generated by \(m_{1} + 1\) and \(m_{2} + 1\) measures, respectively, and assume that \(\sigma_{0}^{1} = \sigma_{0}^{2}\). For \(|{\mathbf n}_{1}| \geq 1\) and \({\mathbf n} = ({\mathbf n}_{1}, {\mathbf n}_{2})\), let \(a_{{\mathbf n},0}, a_{{\mathbf n}, 1}, \dots, a_{{\mathbf n},m_{1}}\) be a system of polynomials such that (1) for each \(j, 0 \leq j \leq m_{1}\), the degree of \(a_{{\mathbf n},j}\) does not exceed \(n_{1,j} - 1\) (where a degree less than zero means that the polynomial is identically zero) and at least one of the polynomials \(a_{{\mathbf n},j}\) is not identically zero, and (2) for \(0 \leq k \leq m_{2}\), \[ \int x^{v} \bigg(a_{{\mathbf n},0} + \sum_{j=1}^{m_{1}} a_{{\mathbf n},j}(x) \hat{s}_{1,j}^{1}(x) \bigg) ds_{0,k}^{2} (x) = 0, \;\;\;\;\;\;v=0, 1, \dots, n_{2,k} - 1. \] The system of polynomials satisfying both (1) and (2) is called a system of mixed type multiple orthogonal polynomials relative to the multi-index \({\mathbf n} = ({\mathbf n}_{1}, {\mathbf n}_{2})\) and the pair \((S^{1}, S^{2})\) of Nikishin systems. The multi-index \({\mathbf n} = ({\mathbf n}_{1}, {\mathbf n}_{2})\) is said to be \textit{normal} if the degree in (1) is equal to \(n_{1,j} - 1\) for each \(j\). Let \[ A_{{\mathbf n},0} = a_{{\mathbf n},0}(z) + \sum_{k=1}^{m_{1}} a_{{\mathbf n},k}(z) \hat{s}_{1,k}(z). \] The authors prove a number of results concerning the set of polynomials \(a_{{\mathbf n},0}, a_{{\mathbf n},1}, \dots, a_{{\mathbf n}, m_{1}}\) and the linear form \(A_{{\mathbf n},0}(z)\). For example, if the coordinates of both vectors \({\mathbf n}_{1}\) and \({\mathbf n}_{2}\) are positive and decreasing, then \({\mathbf n } = ({\mathbf n}_{1}, {\mathbf n}_{2})\) is normal. Results are given about the rate of convergence for appropriate polynomials and linear forms for a sequence of multi-indices and systems of measures using mild assumptions. Connections are made to a vector-valued equilibrium problem for the logarithmic potential, and also to a conformal representation of a Riemann surface of genus zero contained in the extended complex plane.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(30)

This page was built for publication: Mixed type multiple orthogonal polynomials for two Nikishin systems

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q5962343)