Second-order -limit for the Cahn-Hilliard functional

DOI10.1007/S00205-015-0924-4MaRDI QIDQ5962889zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors G. Leoni, Ryan W. Murray

Publication date 25 February 2016

Published in Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.07272

zbMATH Keywords

\(\Gamma\)-limit asymptotic development: Cahn-Hilliard functional

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45)

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to solve a long standing open problem, namely, the asymptotic development of order

2

by

G a m m a

-convergence of the mass-constrained Cahn-Hilliard functional. This is achieved by introducing a novel rearrangement technique, which works without Dirichlet boundary conditions.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a metric space and let \[ \mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R} \] be a family of functionals, with \(\varepsilon\) a positive parameter. Then a functional \(\mathfrak{F}^0: X \rightarrow \bar{\mathbb{R}}\) is said to be the \(\Gamma \)-limit of the family \(\mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}\) at a point \(\bar{u} \in X \) iff the following statements are fulfilled for each sequence \(\varepsilon\downarrow0\): (i) For each sequence \(\{u_n\} \subset X,\) with \(u_n\rightarrow \bar{u}\) we have \[ \liminf_{n\rightarrow\infty} \mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon_{n}}(u_n)\geq \mathfrak{F}^0(\bar{u}). \] (ii) There exist a sequence \(\{u_n\} \subset X,\) with \(u_n\rightarrow \bar{u}\) such that \[ \limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}\mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon_{n}}(u_n)\leq \mathfrak{F}^0(\bar{u}). \] Then, it is denoted that \[ \Gamma-\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow0}\mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}(\bar{u})= \mathfrak{F}^0(\bar{u}). \] Furtheremore, one can say that for the family \(\mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}: X \rightarrow \bar{\mathbb{R}}\) has an asymptotic development of order \(k\) \[ \mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon} = \mathfrak{F}^0 + \varepsilon \mathfrak{F}^1+ ... + \varepsilon^k \mathfrak{F}^k + o(\varepsilon^k) \] if there exist functions \(\mathfrak{F}^i: X \rightarrow \bar{\mathbb{R}}, ~ i = 1,\dots, k, \) such that the functions \[ \mathfrak{F}^i_{\varepsilon}:= \frac{ \mathfrak{F}^{i-1}_{\varepsilon}- \inf_X\mathfrak{F}^{i-1}}{\varepsilon} \] are well defined and \[ \mathfrak{F}^i_{\varepsilon}\rightarrow{\Gamma} \mathfrak{F}^i. \] Where \(\mathfrak{F}^0_{\varepsilon} = \mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}.\) In this paper, the authors study the asymptotic development of order 2 of the Modica-Mortola or Cahn-Hilliard functional \[ \mathfrak{F}_{\varepsilon}(u): = \int_{\Omega} W(u) + \varepsilon^2 |\nabla u|^2 dx,~~~ u \in H^1(\Omega), \] subject to the mass constraint \[ \int_{\Omega}u~ dx = m, \] where \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n\) is an open bounded set and \(W\) is a double-well potential.

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