Counting solutions without zeros or repetitions of a linear congruence and rarefaction in b-multiplicative sequences

DOI10.5802/JTNB.917MaRDI QIDQ5963338zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexandre Aksenov

Publication date 19 February 2016

Published in Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.0542

zbMATH Keywords

binomial coefficientsThue-Morse sequenceset partitionscyclotomic extensionsLucas numbersrarefactions\(b\)-multiplicative sequences

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Multiplicative structure; Euclidean algorithm; greatest common divisors (11A05)

Abstract: Consider a strongly $b$-multiplicative sequence and a prime $p$. Studying its $p$-rarefaction consists in characterizing the asymptotic behaviour of the sums of the first terms indexed by the multiples of $p$. The integer values of the "norm" $3$-variate polynomial $mathcal{N}_{p,i_1,i_2}(Y_0,Y_1,Y_2)!:=!pro{d}_{j=1}^{p-1}left(Y_0+zet{a}_p^{i_{1}j}{Y}_1+zet{a}_p^{i_{2}j}{Y}_{2}ight),$ where $zet{a}_p$ is a primitive $p$-th root of unity, and $i_1,i_{2}in1,2,dots,p-1,$ determine this asymptotic behaviour. It will be shown that a combinatorial method can be applied to $mathcal{N}_{p,i_1,i_2}(Y_0,Y_1,Y_2).$ The method enables deducing functional relations between the coefficients as well as various properties of the coefficients of $mathcal{N}_{p,i_1,i_2}(Y_0,Y_1,Y_2)$, in particular for $i_1=1,i_2=2,3.$ This method provides relations between binomial coefficients. It gives new proofs of the two identities $pro{d}_{j=1}^{p-1}left(1-zet{a}_p^{j}ight)=p$ and $pro{d}_{j=1}^{p-1}left(1+zet{a}_p^j-zet{a}_p^{2j}ight)=L_p$ (the $p$-th Lucas number). The sign and the residue modulo $p$ of the symmetric polynomials of $1+zet{a}_p-zet{a}_p^2$ can also be obtained. An algorithm for computation of coefficients of $mathcal{N}_{p,i_1,i_2}(Y_0,Y_1,Y_2)$ is developed.

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