Energy–momentum density and pressure relations for a relativistic ideal gas with a bulk motion

DOI10.1088/1361-6404/AB9C91MaRDI QIDQ6046439zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ashok K. Singal

Publication date 11 May 2023

Published in European Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09630

zbMATH Keywords

special relativityastrophysical fluid dynamicsenergy-momentum density formulation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX)

Abstract: We derive here, from first principles, the energy-momentum densities of a perfect fluid, in the form of an ideal molecular gas, in an inertial frame where the fluid possesses a bulk motion. We begin from the simple expressions for the energy density and pressure of a perfect fluid in the rest frame of the fluid, where the fluid constituents (gas molecules) may possess a random motion, but no bulk motion. From a Lorentz transformation of the velocity vectors of molecules, moving along different directions in the rest frame of the fluid, we compute their energy-momentum vectors and number densities in an inertial frame moving with respect to the rest frame of the liquid. From that we arrive at the energy-momentum density of the fluid in a frame where it has a bulk motion. This way we explicitly demonstrate how a couple of curious pressure-dependent terms make appearance in the energy-momentum density of a perfect fluid having a bulk motion. In addition to an ideal molecular gas, we compute the energy-momentum density for a photon gas also, which of course matches with the energy-momentum density expression obtained for a molecular gas having ultra-relativistic random motion.

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Cited in

(1)

• Contribution of pressure to the energy-momentum density in a moving perfect fluid: a physical perspective

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