On-diagonal asymptotics for heat kernels of a class of inhomogeneous partial differential operators

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2023.03.011MaRDI QIDQ6046531zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Evan Randles, Laurent Saloff-Coste

Publication date 11 May 2023

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.05865

zbMATH Keywords

convolution powersinhomogeneous partial differential operatorson-diagonal heat kernel asymptotics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat kernel (35K08) Higher-order parabolic equations (35K25) Harmonic analysis in several variables (42B99) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06)

Abstract: We consider certain constant-coefficient differential operators on $mathbb{R}^d$ with positive-definite symbols. Each such operator $Lambda$ with symbol $P$ defines a semigroup $e^{-tLambda}$ , $t>0$ , admitting a convolution kernel $H_P^t$ for which the large-time behavior of $H_P^t(0)$ cannot be deduced by basic scaling arguments. The simplest example has symbol $P(xi)=(eta+zet{a}^2{)}^2+et{a}^4$ , $xi=(eta,zeta)inmathbb{R}^2$ . We devise a method to establish large-time asymptotics of $H_P^t(0)$ for several classes of examples of this type and we show that these asymptotics are preserved by perturbations by certain higher-order differential operators. For the $P$ just given, it turns out that $H_P^t(0)sim{c}_P{t}^{-5/8}$ as $toinfty$ . We show how such results are relevant to understand the convolution powers of certain complex functions on $mathbb{Z}^d$ . Our work represents a first basic step towards a good understanding of the semigroups associated with these operators. Obtaining meaningful off-diagonal upper bounds for $H_P^t$ remains an interesting challenge.

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Cited in

(5)

• Application of nilpotent approximation and the orbit method to the search of the diagonal asymptotics of sub-Riemannian heat kernels
• Positive-homogeneous operators, heat kernel estimates and the Legendre-Fenchel transform
• Davies' method for heat-kernel estimates: an extension to the semi-elliptic setting
• The local limit theorem for complex valued sequences: the parabolic case
• Asymptotics of the heat kernel for nonminimal differential operators

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