Large-time behaviour for anisotropic stable nonlocal diffusion problems with convection

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Abstract: We study the large-time behaviour of nonnegative solutions to the Cauchy problem for a nonlocal heat equation with a nonlinear convection term. The diffusion operator is the infinitesimal generator of a stable L'evy process, which may be highly anisotropic. The initial data are assumed to be bounded and integrable. The mass of the solution is conserved along the evolution, and the large-time behaviour is given by the source-type solution with this mass of a limit equation that depends on the relative strength of convection and diffusion. When diffusion is stronger than convection the original equation simplifies asymptotically to the purely diffusive nonlocal heat equation. When convection dominates, it does so only in the direction of convection, and the limit equation is still diffusive in the subspace orthogonal to this direction, with a diffusion operator that is a "projection" of the original one onto the subspace. The determination of this projection is one of the main issues of the paper. When convection and diffusion are of the same order the limit equation coincides with the original one. Most of our results are new even in the isotropic case in which the diffusion operator is the fractional Laplacian. We assume in principle that the convection nonlinearity is locally Lipschitz, but we are also able to cover some situations in which it is only locally H"older. This possibility has never been considered before in the nonlocal diffusion setting.




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