Analysing transitions from a Turing instability to large periodic patterns in a reaction-diffusion system
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Publication:6063596
far-from-equilibrium patternsgeometrical singular perturbation techniquesnear-equilibrium patternsthree-component reaction-diffusion system
Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Relaxation oscillations for ordinary differential equations (34C26) Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15) Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57)
Abstract: Analytically tracking patterns emerging from a small amplitude Turing instability to large amplitude remains a challenge as no general theory exists. In this paper, we consider a three component reaction-diffusion system with one of its components singularly perturbed, this component is known as the fast variable. We develop an analytical theory describing the periodic patterns emerging from a Turing instability using geometric singular perturbation theory. We show analytically that after the initial Turing instability, spatially periodic patterns evolve into a small amplitude spike in the fast variable whose amplitude grows as one moves away from onset. This is followed by a secondary transition where the spike in the fast variable widens, its periodic pattern develops two sharp transitions between two flat states and the amplitudes of the other variables grow. The final type of transition we uncover analytically is where the flat states of the fast variable develop structure in the periodic pattern. The analysis is illustrated and motivated by a numerical investigation. We conclude with a preliminary numerical investigation where we uncover more complicated periodic patterns and snaking-like behaviour that are driven by the three transitions analysed in this paper. This paper provides a crucial step towards understanding how periodic patterns transition from a Turing instability to large amplitude.
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