Pushing the limits of the periodic table -- a review on atomic relativistic electronic structure theory and calculations for the superheavy elements
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Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) (Generalized) eigenfunction expansions of linear operators; rigged Hilbert spaces (47A70) Spinor and twistor methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R25) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10) Nuclear physics (81V35) Atomic physics (81V45)
Abstract: We review the progress in atomic structure theory with a focus on superheavy elements and the aim to predict their ground state configuration and element's placement in the periodic table. To understand the electronic structure and correlations in the regime of large atomic numbers, it is important to correctly solve the Dirac equation in strong Coulomb fields, and also to take into account quantum electrodynamic effects. We specifically focus on the fundamental difficulties encountered when dealing with the many-particle Dirac equation. We further discuss the possibility for future many-electron atomic structure calculations going beyond the critical nuclear charge (Z_{
m crit}approx 170), where levels such as the (1s) shell dive into the negative energy continuum ((E_{nkappa}<-m_ec^2)). The nature of the resulting Gamow states within a rigged Hilbert space formalism is highlighted.
Recommendations
- Electronic structure of super heavy atoms revisited
- Unstable electron states in the field of a superheavy nucleus
- Peculiarities of the electron energy spectrum in the Coulomb field of a superheavy nucleus
- Explicit large nuclear charge limit of electronic ground states for Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne and basic aspects of the periodic table
- Nuclear Mean-Field Models and Super-Heavy Elements
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