On orders in quadratic number fields with unusual sets of distances
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Quadratic extensions (11R11) Units and factorization (11R27) Ideals and multiplicative ideal theory in commutative rings (13A15) Commutative rings defined by factorization properties (e.g., atomic, factorial, half-factorial) (13F15) Ideal theory for semigroups (20M12) Arithmetic theory of semigroups (20M13)
Abstract: Let be an order in an algebraic number field and suppose that the set of distances of is nonempty (equivalently, is not half-factorial). If is seminormal (in particular, if is a principal order), then . So far, only a few examples of orders were found with . We say that is peculiar if . In the present paper, we establish algebraic characterizations of orders in real quadratic number fields with . We also provide a classification of the real quadratic number fields that possess an order whose set of distances is peculiar. As a consequence thereof, we revisit certain squarefree integers (cf. OEIS A135735) that were studied by A.J. Stephens and H.C. Williams.
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