Improved Elekes-Szabó type estimates using proximity

DOI10.1016/J.JCTA.2023.105813arXiv2211.13294MaRDI QIDQ6071957FDOQ6071957

Authors: József Solymosi, J. Zahl 

Publication date: 29 November 2023

Published in: Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove a new Elekes-Szab'o type estimate on the size of the intersection of a Cartesian product $AimesBimesC$ with an algebraic surface $f=0$ over the reals. In particular, if $A,B,C$ are sets of $N$ real numbers and $f$ is a trivariate polynomial, then either $f$ has a special form that encodes additive group structure (for example $f(x,y,x)=x+y-z$), or $AimesBimesCcapf=0$ has cardinality $O(N^{12/7})$. This is an improvement over the previously bound $O(N^{11/6})$. We also prove an asymmetric version of our main result, which yields an Elekes-Ronyai type expanding polynomial estimate with exponent $3/2$. This has applications to questions in combinatorial geometry related to the ErdH{o}s distinct distances problem. Like previous approaches to the problem, we rephrase the question as a $L^2$ estimate, which can be analyzed by counting additive quadruples. The latter problem can be recast as an incidence problem involving points and curves in the plane. The new idea in our proof is that we use the order structure of the reals to restrict attention to a smaller collection of proximate additive quadruples.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.13294

zbMATH Keywords

distinct distancesadditive combinatoricsElekes-SzabóElekes-Rónyai

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Enumerative combinatorics (05Axx) Algebraic geometry (14-XX) Sequences and sets (11Bxx)

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Cited In (2)

• Distinct distances in \(\mathbf{R}^3\) between quadratic and orthogonal curves
• Convexity, squeezing, and the Elekes-Szabó theorem

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