The average density of k-normal elements over finite fields

Abstract: Let

q

be a prime power and, for each positive integer

n g e 1

, let

m a t h b b F_{q^{n}}

be the finite field with

q^{n}

elements. Motivated by the well known concept of normal elements over finite fields, Huczynska et al (2013) introduced the notion of

k

-normal elements. More precisely, for a given

0 l e k l e n

, an element

a l p h a i n m a t h b b F_{q^{n}}

is

k

-normal over

m a t h b b F_{q}

if the

m a t h b b F_{q}

-vector space generated by the elements in the set

a l p h a, a l p h a^{q}, l d o t s, a l p h a^{q^{n - 1}}

has dimension

n - k

. The case

k = 0

recovers the normal elements. If

q

and

k

are fixed, one may consider the number

l a m b d a_{q, n, k}

of elements

a l p h a i n m a t h b b F_{q^{n}}

that are

k

-normal over

m a t h b b F_{q}

and the density

l a m b d a_{q, k} (n) = f r a c l a m b d a_{q, n, k} q^{n}

of such elements in

m a t h b b F_{q^{n}}

. In this paper we prove that the arithmetic function

l a m b d a_{q, k} (n)

has positive mean value, in the sense that the limit

limlimits_{t o +infty}frac{1}{t}sum_{1le nle t}lambda_{q, k}(n),

exists and it is positive.

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