A Wavelet-Based Independence Test for Functional Data With an Application to MEG Functional Connectivity

DOI10.1080/01621459.2021.2020126MaRDI QIDQ6077580zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Rui Miao, Xiaoke Zhang, Raymond Wong

Publication date 18 October 2023

Published in Journal of the American Statistical Association (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11452, https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Wavelet-Based_Independence_Test_for_Functional_Data_with_an_Application_to_MEG_Functional_Connectivity/17308519

zbMATH Keywords

permutation testHilbert spaceBesov spacesreproducing kerneldense functional datahuman connectome project

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistics (62-XX)

Abstract: Measuring and testing the dependency between multiple random functions is often an important task in functional data analysis. In the literature, a model-based method relies on a model which is subject to the risk of model misspecification, while a model-free method only provides a correlation measure which is inadequate to test independence. In this paper, we adopt the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) to measure the dependency between two random functions. We develop a two-step procedure by first pre-smoothing each function based on its discrete and noisy measurements and then applying the HSIC to recovered functions. To ensure the compatibility between the two steps such that the effect of the pre-smoothing error on the subsequent HSIC is asymptotically negligible, we propose to use wavelet soft-thresholding for pre-smoothing and Besov-norm-induced kernels for HSIC. We also provide the corresponding asymptotic analysis. The superior numerical performance of the proposed method over existing ones is demonstrated in a simulation study. Moreover, in an magnetoencephalography (MEG) data application, the functional connectivity patterns identified by the proposed method are more anatomically interpretable than those by existing methods.

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Cited in

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