On the generalization of the gap principle

DOI10.1007/S10998-022-00505-2MaRDI QIDQ6081118zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors

Publication date 4 October 2023

Published in Periodica Mathematica Hungarica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13919

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic numberDiophantine approximationgap principleirrationality measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homogeneous approximation to one number (11J04) Approximation to algebraic numbers (11J68) Measures of irrationality and of transcendence (11J82)

Abstract: Let $alpha$ be a real algebraic number of degree $dgeq3$ and let $$ be irrational. Let $mu$ be a real number such that $(d/2)+1<mu<d$ and let $C_0$ be a positive real number. We prove that there exist positive real numbers $C_1$ and $C_2$, which depend only on $alpha$, $$, $mu$ and $C_0$, with the following property. If $x_1/y_1$ and $x_2/y_2$ are rational numbers in lowest terms such that ${\displaystyle }$ H(x_2, y_2) geq H(x_1, y_1) geq C_{1} ${\displaystyle }$ and ${\displaystyle }$ left|alpha - frac{x_1}{y_1} ight| < frac{C_0}{H(x_1, y_1)^mu}, quad left|�eta - frac{x_2}{y_2} ight| < frac{C_0}{H(x_2, y_2)^mu}, ${\displaystyle }$ then either $H(x_2,y_2)>C_2^{-1}H(x_1,y_1{)}^{mu-d/2}$, or there exist integers $s,t,u,v$, with $sv-tueq0$, such that ${\displaystyle }$ �eta = frac{salpha + t}{ualpha + v} quad ext{and} quad frac{x_2}{y_2} = frac{sx_1 + ty_1}{ux_1 + vy_1}, ${\displaystyle }$ or both. Here $H(x,y)=max(|x|,|y|)$ is the height of $x/y$. Since $mu-d/2$ exceeds one, our result demonstrates that, unless $alpha$ and $$ are connected by means of a linear fractional transformation with integer coefficients, the heights of $x_1/y_1$ and $x_2/y_2$ have to be exponentially far apart from each other. An analogous result is established in the case when $alpha$ and $$ are $p$-adic algebraic numbers.

Review text

For a rational number \(x/y\) set \(H(x,y)=\max\{\vert x\vert,\vert y\vert \}\). Let \(\alpha\) be a real algebraic number of degree \(d \geq 3\), and let \(\beta \in {\mathbb{Q}}(\alpha)\) be irrational. Assume that \(d/2+1<\mu<d\) and \(C_0>0\). The author shows that there exist positive numbers \(C_1,C_2\) depending on \(\alpha,\beta,\mu,C_0\) only such that if \(\vert \alpha-x_1/y_1\vert <C_0 H(x_1,y_1)^{-\mu}\) and \(\vert \beta-x_2/y_2\vert <C_0 H(x_2,y_2)^{-\mu}\), with \(H(x_2,y_2) \geq H(x_1,y_1) \geq C_1\), then either \(H(x_2,y_2) >C_2^{-1} H(x_1,y_1)^{\mu-d/2}\) or there exist integers \(u,v,s,t\) satisfying \(sv \ne tu\) such that \[\beta=\frac{s\alpha+t}{u\alpha+v} \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{x_2}{y_2}=\frac{sx_1+ty_1}{ux_1+vy_1}.\] A corresponding result in the non-Archimedean case is also obtained.

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Cited in

(1)

• Absolute bound on the number of solutions of certain Diophantine equations of Thue and Thue-Mahler type

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