Blackbody thermodynamics in the presence of Casimir’s effect

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/ACD8B5MaRDI QIDQ6086697zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors E. S. jun. Moreira

Publication date 10 November 2023

Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13596

zbMATH Keywords

Casimir effectquantum gasesthermodynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX)

Abstract: This paper is a study of the electromagnetic radiation at temperature $T$ in a thin slab whose walls are made of a perfect conductor. The two large parallel walls of area $A$ are apart by a distance $dllsqrtA$. We take $T$, $A$, and $d$ as thermodynamic parameters, obtaining the free energy from a procedure that involves the integration over the slab of the ensemble average of the stress-energy-momentum tensor calculated long ago by Brown and Maclay. Both thermodynamic regimes $kTd/hbarcgg1$ and $kTd/hbarcll1$ are fully addressed. We show that certain thermodynamic quantities which are notoriously ill defined (or trivial) in ordinary blackbody thermodynamics are now well defined (or nontrivial) due to presence of boundary conditions at the walls of the slab ("Casimir's effect"). The relationships among such quantities are fully explored and it is speculated that they may be experimentally checked. Stability is addressed, showing that electromagnetic radiation in the slab is thermally stable; but mechanically unstable. We investigate thermodynamic processes where temperature, internal energy, entropy and enthalpy are each taken to be constant, revealing rather atypical behaviors. For example, in sharp contrast with what one would expect from a gas, when $kTd/hbarcll1$, "free expansion" gives place to "free contraction in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. As a check of consistency of the formulae we remark that various Carnot cycles have been examined and verified that they correctly lead to Carnot's efficiency.

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Cited in

(4)

• Thermodynamics of radiation modes
• CASIMIR-LIFSHITZ FORCES AND ENTROPY
• Dynamical Casimir effect and the black body spectrum
• Blackbody heat capacity at constant pressure

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