Stochastic EM methods with variance reduction for penalised PET reconstructions

DOI10.1088/1361-6420/AC2D74MaRDI QIDQ6087345zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Z. Kereta, Simon Arridge, K. Thielemans, Bangti Jin

Publication date 15 November 2023

Published in Inverse Problems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03172

zbMATH Keywords

expectation maximizationstochastic gradientvariance reductionpositron emission tomographyordered subset expectation maximisation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Numerical methods for inverse problems for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M32)

Abstract: Expectation-maximization (EM) is a popular and well-established method for image reconstruction in positron emission tomography (PET) but it often suffers from slow convergence. Ordered subset EM (OSEM) is an effective reconstruction algorithm that provides significant acceleration during initial iterations, but it has been observed to enter a limit cycle. In this work, we investigate two classes of algorithms for accelerating OSEM based on variance reduction for penalised PET reconstructions. The first is a stochastic variance reduced EM algorithm, termed as SVREM, an extension of the classical EM to the stochastic context, by combining classical OSEM with insights from variance reduction techniques for gradient descent. The second views OSEM as a preconditioned stochastic gradient ascent, and applies variance reduction techniques, i.e., SAGA and SVRG, to estimate the update direction. We present several numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approaches. The numerical results show that these approaches significantly outperform existing OSEM type methods for penalised PET reconstructions, and hold great potential.

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