Matrix-valued Allen-Cahn equation and the Keller-Rubinstein-Sternberg problem

DOI10.1007/S00222-023-01183-8MaRDI QIDQ6101147zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mingwen Fei, Fanghua Lin, Wei Wang, Zhifei Zhang

Publication date 20 June 2023

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08293

zbMATH Keywords

gradient flowtwo-phase flowmatched asymptotic expansionsharp interface limitvectorial Allen-Cahn equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Semilinear parabolic equations (35K58)

Abstract: In this paper, we consider the sharp interface limit of a matrix-valued Allen-Cahn equation, which takes the form: ${\displaystyle }$partial_t A=Delta A-varepsilon^{-2}( A A^{mathrm{T}}A- A)~~ ext{with}~~A:Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^m omathbb{R}^{n imes n}.${\displaystyle }$ We show that the sharp interface system is a two-phases flow system: the interface evolves according to the motion by mean curvature; in the two bulk phase regions, the solution obeys the heat flow of harmonic maps with values in $O^{+}(n)$ and $O^{-}(n)$ (represent the sets of $nimesn$ orthogonal matrices with determinant $+1$ and $-1$ respectively); on the interface, the phase matrices in two sides satisfy a novel mixed boundary condition. The above result provides a solution to the Keller-Rubinstein-Sternberg's (conjecture) problem in this $O(n)$ setting. Our proof relies on two key ingredients. First, in order to construct the approximate solution by matched asymptotic expansions as the standard approach does not seem to work, we introduce the notion of quasi-minimal connecting orbits. They satisfy the usual leading order equations up to some small higher order terms. In addition, the linearized systems around these quasi-minimal orbits needs to be solvable up to some good remainders. These flexibilities are needed for the possible "degenerations" or higher dimensional kernels for the linearized operators due to intriguing boundary conditions at the sharp interface. The second key point is to establish a spectral uniform lower bound estimate for the linearized operator around approximate solutions. To this end, we introduce additional decompositions to reduce the problem into the coercive estimates of several linearized operators for scalar functions and some singular product estimates which is accomplished by exploring special cancellation structures between eigenfunctions of these linearized operators.

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Cited in

(4)

• Phase transition of an anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau equation
• Maximum bound principle for matrix-valued Allen-Cahn equation and integrating factor Runge-Kutta method
• Interface dynamics for an Allen-Cahn-type equation governing a matrix-valued field
• Multi-component conserved Allen-Cahn equations

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