Indirect noise from weakly reacting inhomogeneities

DOI10.1017/JFM.2023.396arXiv2301.13004MaRDI QIDQ6101992FDOQ6101992

Authors: Animesh Jain, Andrea Giusti, Luca Magri 

Publication date: 20 June 2023

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Indirect noise is a significant contributor to aircraft engine noise, which needs to be minimized in the design of aircraft engines. Indirect noise is caused by the acceleration of flow inhomogeneities through a nozzle. High-fidelity simulations showed that some flow inhomogeneities can be chemically reacting when they leave the combustor and enter the nozzle (Giusti et al., 2019). The state-of-art models, however, are limited to chemically non-reacting (frozen) flows. In this work, first, we propose a low-order model to predict indirect noise in nozzle flows with reacting inhomogeneities. Second, we identify the physical sources of sound, which generate indirect noise via two physical mechanisms: (i) chemical reaction generates compositional perturbations, thereby adding to compositional noise; and (ii) exothermic reaction generates entropy perturbations. Third, we numerically compute the nozzle transfer functions for different frequency ranges (Helmholtz numbers) and reaction rates (Damk"{o}hler numbers) in subsonic flows with hydrogen and methane inhomogeneities. Fourth, we extend the model to supersonic flows. We find that hydrogen inhomogeneities have a larger impact to indirect noise than methane inhomogeneities. Both the Damk"{o}hler number and the Helmholtz number markedly influence the phase and magnitude of the transmitted and reflected waves, which affect the sound generation and thermoacoustic stability. This work provides a physics-based low-order model, which can open new opportunities for predicting noise emissions and instabilities in aeronautical gas turbines with multi-physics flows.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.13004

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zbMATH Keywords

supersonic flowsubsonic flowlow-order modelnozzle flowthermoacoustic stabilitycombustorentropy perturbationcompositional noisecompositional perturbation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Supersonic flows (76J20) Hydro- and aero-acoustics (76Q05) Reaction effects in flows (76V05)

Cites Work

• Unsteady combustor physics
• Acoustic disturbance from gas non-uniformities convected through a nozzle
• The generation of sound by density inhomogeneities in low Mach number nozzle flows
• Compositional inhomogeneities as a source of indirect combustion noise
• Solution of the quasi-one-dimensional linearized Euler equations using flow invariants and the Magnus expansion
• Combustion and engine-core noise
• Jet engine combustion noise: Pressure, entropy and vorticity perturbations produced by unsteady combustion or heat addition
• Noise produced by fluid inhomogeneities
• On indirect noise in multicomponent nozzle flows
• A physical model for indirect noise in non-isentropic nozzles: transfer functions and stability
• A solution for the quasi-one-dimensional linearised Euler equations with heat transfer
• Compositional noise in nozzles with dissipation

Cited In (1)

• Compositional noise in nozzles with dissipation

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