The rational torsion subgroup of J₀(N)

Abstract: Let

N

be a positive integer and let

J_{0} (N)

be the Jacobian variety of the modular curve

X_{0} (N)

. For any prime

p g e 5

whose square does not divide

N

, we prove that the

p

-primary subgroup of the rational torsion subgroup of

J_{0} (N)

is equal to that of the rational cuspidal divisor class group of

X_{0} (N)

, which is explicitly computed in cite{Yoo9}. Also, we prove the same assertion holds for

p = 3

under the extra assumption that either

N

is not divisible by

3

or there is a prime divisor of

N

congruent to

- 1

modulo

3

.

Review text

Let \(N\) be a positive integer and \(\Gamma_0(N)\) be the congruence subgroup of \(SL_2(\mathbb{Z})\) consisting of matrices that are upper-triangular modulo \(N\). The complete modular curve \(X_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}}\) is the union of the affine modular curve \(Y_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}} = \Gamma_0(N)\setminus \mathcal{H}\) and a finite set of cusps, where \(\mathcal{H}\) is the complex upper half plane and \(\Gamma_0(N)\) acts on \(\mathcal{H}\) by linear fractional transformation. The curve \(X_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}}\) has a canonical nonsingular projective model \(X_0(N)\) defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\), and in this model the set of cusps is invariant under the action of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\), the absolute Galois group of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Denote by \(J_0(N)\) the Jacobian variety of \(X_0(N)\) and \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}\) its rational torsion subgroup. Further, denote by \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}[p^{\infty}]\) the \(p\)-primary subgroup of \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{\mathrm{tors}}}\). A rational cuspidal divisor, is a divisor supported only on the cusps and fixed under the action of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\). We denote by \(\mathcal{C}(N)\) the subgroup of \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})\) generated by the linear equivalence classes of the degree 0 rational cuspidal divisors on \(X_0(N)\), and by \(C(N)[p^{\infty}]\) the \(p\)-primary subgroup of \(C(N)\). Let \(N\) be a positive integer, and suppose that \(p\) is any odd prime whose square does not divide \(N\). In this paper, it is proved that if \(p \geq 5\), then we have \(C(N)[p^{\infty}] = J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}\). Also, for a prime \( p = 3\) the above equality holds under the extra assumption that either \(N\) is not divisible by 3 or there is a prime divisor of \(N\) congruent to \(-1\) modulo 3. The proof uses the theory of Eisenstein ideals.

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