Global Gaussian estimates for the heat kernel of homogeneous sums of squares

DOI10.1007/S11118-021-09963-8MaRDI QIDQ6103763zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Stefano Biagi, Marco Bramanti

Publication date 5 June 2023

Published in Potential Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.09845

zbMATH Keywords

Carnot-Carathéodory spacesCauchy problemGaussian estimatesHarnack inequalityheat kernelhomogeneous Hörmander vector fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Integral representations of solutions to PDEs (35C15) Hypoelliptic equations (35H10) Heat kernel (35K08) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03)

Abstract: Let $mathcalH=su{m}_{j=1}^m{X}_j^2-partia{l}_t$ be a heat-type operator in $mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, where $X=X_1,ldots,X_m$ is a system of smooth H"{o}rmander's vector fields in $mathbb{R}^n$, and every $X_j$ is homogeneous of degree $1$ with respect to a family of non-isotropic dilations in $mathbb{R}^n$, while no underlying group structure is assumed. In this paper we prove global (in space and time) upper and lower Gaussian estimates for the heat kernel $Gamma(t,x;s,y)$ of $mathcalH$, in terms of the Carnot-Carath'{e}odory distance induced by $X$ on $mathbb{R}^n$, as well as global upper Gaussian estimates for the $t$- or $X$-derivatives of any order of $Gamma$. From the Gaussian bounds we derive the unique solvability of the Cauchy problem for a possibly unbounded continuous initial datum satisfying exponential growth at infinity. Also, we study the solvability of the H-Dirichlet problem on an arbitrary bounded domain. Finally, we establish a global scale-invariant Harnack inequality for non-negative solutions of $mathcalHu=0$.

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